Design and Analysis of Various Baffle System in Shell Tube Heat Exchanger

Heat exchangers are systems of thermal engineering in which its applications are occurred in different industries. Heat exchangers are the basic or heart of once organized plant since it transfers energy to the processing plant Shell and tube heat exchanger is the most common type heat exchanger widely use in refinery and other chemical process, because it suits high pressure application. The process in solving simulation consists of modeling and meshing the basic geometry of shell and tube heat exchanger using CFD package ANSYS 18.0. The objective of the project is design of shell and tube heat exchanger with various baffle structure and study the flow and temperature field inside the shell using ANSYS software tools. The heat exchanger with single, double, and with 10 and 20 degree inclined baffle will be defined. In simulation will show how the pressure varies in shell due to different double baffle angle and flow rate. The flow pattern in the shell side of the heat exchanger with angled baffles was forced to which results in a significant increase in heat transfer coefficient per unit pressure drop in the heat exchanger.

Reserve Estimation from Early Time Production Data in Geopressured Gas Reservoir: Gas Production of Cumulative Unit Pressure Drop Method

There is high uncertainty in reserve estimation during the early development of deep ultrahigh pressure gas reservoirs, largely because it remains challenging in accurately determining the formation compressibility. To overcome this, starting from the definition of compressibility, a novel gas production of cumulative unit pressure drop analysis method was established, of which the effectiveness was proven by applications in calculating the reserves of three gas reservoirs. It has been found that, in the limiting case, i.e., when the formation pressure dropped to the normal atmospheric pressure, the dimensionless gas production of the cumulative unit pressure drop was the reciprocal of the initial formation pressure. Besides, the relationship curve of the dimensionless gas production of the cumulative unit pressure drop and pressure drop was a straight line in the medium term, extending the straight line and intersecting the vertical line passing through the original formation pressure point, and the reserves can be determined according to the intersection point and the initial formation pressure. However, due to the influence of natural gas properties, the value needs further correction, and the correction coefficient depends on the pseudocritical temperature of natural gas. Specifically, when the pseudocritical temperature is given, the correction coefficient would be close to the minimum value of the natural gas deviation factor. When the pseudocritical temperature is more than 1.9 and less than 3.0, the minimum deviation factor would be between 0.90 and 1.0, and the higher the pseudocritical temperature, the closer the ratio is to 1.0.

An Investigation of baffle angles on Shell and Tube heat exchanger

The turn of events and execution enhancement of shell and tube heat exchanger is an issue of incredible test and part of arising early innovation. The exhibition enhancement would serve an extraordinary commitment to assuage the swelled working expenses just as energy emergency. This paper grandstands every one of the experimental outcomes got from the constant framework investigation in different working conditions. Further it addresses examination for a few shell-and-tube heat exchangers with segmental confounds with various point parametric variety. The framework distinguishing proof has been done utilizing CFD investigation. The consolidated outcomes as for same shell-side stream rate show that, the heat move co-proficient of the heat exchanger with astounds is higher than that of the heat exchanger without perplexes, while the shell-side pressing factor drop of the previous is even a lot of lower than that of the last mentioned. Further upgrade methods ought to be consolidated to improve shell-side heat move dependent on a similar stream rate. The near investigation of heat move coefficient per unit pressure drop shows that the Segmental Baffle Heat exchanger have critical execution advantage over Segmental Baffle Heat exchanger for similar mathematical arrangements.

Analysis of the Temperature Distribution on the Surface of Saddle-Shaped Briquettes Consolidated in the Roller Press

The unit pressure in the fine-grained material consolidation process in the roller press can reach over hundred MPa and is a parameter which results, among other things, from the properties of the consolidated material and the compaction unit geometry. Its value changes depending on the place on the molding surface. Generating different pressure on the surface of briquettes makes their compaction different. One’s own and other researchers’ experience shows that, in the case of exerting high pressure on the merged fine-grained material, the higher unit pressure exerted on the material, the higher temperature of the consolidated material is. The temperature distribution on the surface of the briquettes can testify the locally exerted pressure on the briquette. The stress distribution in the briquetting material is still a subject of research. The article includes thermography studies of the briquetting process of four material mixtures. Thermal images of briquettes were taken immediately after they left the compaction zone as well as forming rollers. The obtained thermograms and temperature variability at characteristic points of the surface of briquettes were analyzed. The correlation between the temperature distribution and the stress distribution in the briquettes was determined.

Comparison of solving algorithms for a mathematical model of filtration-diffusion transfer in the medium of spherical moisture-saturated microporous particles

The article considers the use an analytical and numerical approaches for finding solutions of mathematical model of diffusion mass transfer in the medium of particles of microporous structure. The special software developed based on both approaches and these software were used for computer simulation of pressures in particles and interparticle space for spatial and temporal parameters of the filtration process, and the results were compared taking into account their accuracy and speed of production. Considered algorithms showed approximately the same accuracy in finding the pressure profiles. Analytical solution-based software has demonstrated the higher efficiency for calculating unit pressure values at given parameters, in turn, numerical techniques have been found to be convenient for building high-resolution profiles.

Computer-Assisted Modeling and Design of Compression Garments with Graded Unit Compression

This article presents a useful algorithm for designing compression products with intended and graded unit pressure along the part of the body covered with the mentioned garments. The algorithm was developed using Laplace's law and a designated experimental function describing the relationship between strength and relative elongation of knitted fabric, and the results of 3D scanning of different body parts. On this basis, two examples of products in the form of a leg sleeve and arm sleeve were designed for the treatment of lymphoedema in compression classes II and III. The presented compression product design procedure facilitates the process of designing compression garments and eliminates some errors related to this procedure.

The Influence of Non-Pneumatic Tyre Structure on its Operational Properties

A non-pneumatic tyre (NPT) is a novel type of safety tyre that is designed to provide similar elastic properties to those offered by conventional pneumatic tyres. The main advantage of NPT is the lack of compressed air (like in a pneumatic tire) to ensure adequate traction forces and directional control. Suitable materials and the appropriate geometry of the supporting structure allows to achieve properties provides by pneumatic tires. Flexible spokes and closed structure like honeycomb are the most common solutions of supporting structure. Appropriate geometry, thickness and materials of this part affect the NPT properties; radial stiffness, unit pressure in the contact patch and the parameters of an area in contact with a non-deformable surface. The paper presents the FEM NPT model (NPT_0), which was validated with the results of experimental research of NPT. The NPT_0 model is subject to further modifications (layout and shape of the radial spokes) was used in the study. Seven new geometries of NPT supporting structure were selected for simulation tests. During the numerical tests the radial stiffness, unit pressure in the contact patch and the parameters of an area in contact with a non-deformable surface were determined. It has been observed that an increase in the curvature of the spokes reduced radial stiffness and increased the length of the contact path.

EVALUASI SISTEM JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI DAN PERENCANAAN PENGENDALIAN TEKANAN PADA ZONA SPAM JAWA GADUT, KECAMATAN PAUH, PDAM KOTA PADANG

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh indikasi tingginya tingkat Non Revenue Water (NRW) melalui yang ditandai tingkat komplain dan tingkat kebocoran yang cukup tinggi pada kawasan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Jawa Gadut, Kelurahan Limau Manis Selatan Kecamatan Pauh, Kota Padang. Penelitian dimulai dari mengevaluasi SPAM eksisting dan merencanakan kembali zona SPAM menggunakan plugin QWater v.3.1.7 dari QGIS v.3.4.9 yang mengintegrasikan Epanet dengan QGIS. Simulasi hidrolis per periode waktu atau Extended Period Simulation (EPS) untuk mengevaluasi kondisi hidrolis, tekanan dan kecepatan aliran terutama pada saat aliran maksimum (jam 06.00 WIB) dan pada saat aliran minimum (jam 03.00 WIB). Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh sisa tekanan melebihi 100 mka pada 51 node dari 146 node atau 35% pelayanan. Selanjutnya dilakukan optimalisasi dan pengendalian tekanan menggunakan 2 unit Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV), agar atau sehingga diperoleh sisa tekanan sesuai dengan kriteria teknis minimal yaitu rata-rata diatas 10 mka pada saat jam puncak dan tidak melebihi 100 mka pada saat jam aliran minimum. Dengan pengendalian tekanan, maka diharapkan NRW fisik pada zona SPAM Jawa Gadut dapat diturunkan sesuai dengan target yang diinginkan.

Selecting Appropriate Longitudinal Rigidity of Knitted Fabric in Compression Products of Standardised Size

Based on the models developed, the changes in unit pressure exerted by ready-made compression products were evaluated in dependence on the longitudinal rigidity, compression class, dimensional tolerance and product size. Tests made it possible to determine the maximum permissible values of longitudinal rigidity for individual compression classes and product sizes, which, if not exceeded, ensure that the pressure exerted falls within the given compression class. Experimental verification carried out on an example of a commercial compression product from the first and second compression classes showed that the main reason for the differences between the declared and experimentally determined values of unit pressure was the overestimated longitudinal rigidity of the knitted fabric and dimensional tolerance of the size ranges and errors in the design procedure, resulting from not sticking to the principle of designing the product for the middle circumference value and the middle pressure from the compression class.