Oro-Dental Health and Primary Nephrotic Syndrome among Vietnamese Children

Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is common in children, affecting the soft and hard tissues of the oral cavity. This study aimed to investigate the percentage of dental caries, gingivitis, hypertrophic gingivitis, and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in children with PNS. The association of PNS with these diseases and oral care behavior was also assessed. A total of 407 children with PNS and 407 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. PNS was diagnosed based on blood and urinary tests. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), the Gingival Index (GI), the Gingival Overgrowth Index (GOI), the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth Index (dmft/DMFT), and DDE were collected. The PNS patients showed significantly higher scores of OHI-S, GI, and dmft, and higher proportions of dental caries and DDE than those of the controls (p < 0.001). It is necessary to establish a periodic dental protocol for PNS patients to improve their oral health status.

Developmental defects of enamel, sociodemographic aspects and systemic diseases: Is there association?

Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in permanent molars and its association with sociodemographic characteristics and systemic conditions in children treated at the paediatric dentistry clinic of private dental school. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 706 medical records of children aged 8 to 12 years of both sexes, treated between 2004 and 2017. The inclusion criteria included the presence of the first 4 permanent molars, absence of syndromes related to enamel malformations and dentoalveolar trauma in the first 3 years of life and complete medical records. The dependent variable (hypomineralization/hypoplasia) and the independent variables (sociodemographic and health variables) were collected and evaluated using descriptive analysis, association tests (chi-square) and logistic regression, at a significance level of 5%. Results: The prevalence of DDE in the first permanent molars was 55.95%, with no association with sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusions: The association of DDE in the first 4 permanent molars with the independent variables such as caesarean, forceps or preterm delivery and systemic diseases until 3 years of age were statistically significant.

Prefabricated Zirconia Crowns – A Solution to Treat Hypomineralized Permanent Molars: Report of a Case

The presence of carious lesions in children associated with developmental defects of enamel is frequently observed. Restoring these affected teeth can be a challenge for the clinician. Teeth with enamel defects may have poor or limited resin adhesion and some may require repeated restoration. Prefabricated zirconia permanent molar crowns were recently introduced as an option for restoring severely decayed and broken down young permanent molars. These new restorations offer an efficient, esthetic, and economic option to restore severely broken down carious permanent molars that may be associated with enamel defects in partially or fully erupted molars. A clinical case of a 13-year-old female patient is presented. She had a mandibular second permanent molar that demonstrated significant caries and loss of much of the clinical crown, which was treated with a vital pulpotomy and restored with a prefabricated zirconia crown.