Abstract
A description is provided for Tolypocladium cylindrosporum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS AND SUBSTRATA: Diptera: Aedes sierrensis and A. australis (Culicidae); Plecia neararctica (Bibionidae). Experimental infection of A. aegypti, A. caspius, Anopheles stephansi and Culex pipiens was successful (Soares 1982). Also found on bracken debris, Eucalyptus sp. and in soil. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Soil in Europe (Czechoslovakia, the Netherlands, UK), Nepal, Canada; Diptera in USA (California, Florida), N.Z. ; Eucalyptus sp., Australia; Picea mariana, Canada. DISEASE: Natural infections of treehole populations of A. sierrensis cause over 70% mortality. Infection of mosquito larvae occurs both through the external cuticle and the gut, mostly the midgut (Soares, 1982). The fungus multiplies in the host by mycelial growth and by forming blastospores. In some hosts encapsulation of invading hyphae occurs, the host dying only after the haemocoel is extensively invaded. Conidia are formed enteroblastically only if the infected larva is at the water surface, when a small mycelial mat is produced which sporulates actively. Adult females spread the disease from tree holes to other tree holes when laying and are themselves susceptible to the fungus (Federici et al., 1980). Experimental infection of Culex molestus[Culex pipiens form molestus] followed the same pattern, first symptoms appearing 5 days after infection, all exposed larvae being dead within 7 days (Weiser & Pillai, 1982).