Formulation, Development and Evaluation of in-situ Periodontal Gel Containing Ofloxacin

In-situ gel forming formulations are a novel concept of providing drugs to individuals as a liquid dosage form yet achieving sustained release of the drug for the required duration. Different polymer based distribution schemes have been created that can boost the residence time of the product at the drug absorption location. These formulations exist as a flowing system before administration and at the physiological environment it gets converted into viscoelastic gel. The available therapies are to minimize the bacterial infection and to regenerate the damage done by infection and inflammation. The therapies involve systemic therapy, conventional therapy, as well as local therapy. Aim of the present work was to formulate in-situ gel of ofloxacin and it is evaluated for antibacterial activity and stability and it showed good antibacterial activity for both gram positive and gram negative microorganisms and was stable at refrigerated temperature over three months. The results indicated that the formulation could be utilized to maintain the localized drug concentration for a longer period and increase patient compliance with lesser adverse effects.

Cryophylactic Solution Based on Pectic Oligosaccharides for the Creation of New Dosage Forms

For the first time in a wide temperature range, the rheology of aqueous solutions of oligo-and polysaccharides obtained by the method of combined fractionation from the secondary phytomass of apple pomace and albedo pomelo has been studied. The values of the freezing point have been determined and the possibility of the practical use of oligosaccharides as components of special-purpose preparations in liquid dosage form has been shown. On the basis of oligosaccharides obtained by the method of combined fractionation from the secondary phytomass of apple pomace and albedo pomelo, cryophylactic media have been created for the first time, possessing physicochemical stability in a wide temperature range. The main rheological and temperature characteristics of the obtained compositions have been studied and the possibility of the practical use of oligosaccharides as components of medical preparations for special purposes in liquid dosage form has been shown.

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF POLY-HERBAL SYRUP FROM NATURAL INGREDIENTS HAVING EXPECTORANT AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY

Ayurvedic formulations are mainly administered by oral route and most of the orally administered Ayurvedic formulations belong to liquid dosage form of drug or drug combination. However, Herbal products have to fulfil legal requirements with regards to quality including stability testing. Herbal Syrup is commonly used and popular dosage form which is used to cure cough, cold and fever because it having ease of patients compliance. In present study, Prepared Herbal Syrup contain Ginger macerated honey base and also Tulsi, liquorice, neem, amla, cinchona, fennel, peppermint, turmeric, brahmi, clove, is used as expectorant and antipyretic. Quality of final herbal syrup was evaluated for pre formulation and post formulation parameters like density, specific gravity, pH and various organoleptic characteristics. The results of stability study of the final herbal syrup that no changes were observed in all the tested physiochemical parameter as well as turbidity/ homogeneity during 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours.

Exploring Nanoemulsions for Prostate Cancer Therapy

Prostate carcinoma is typical cancer. It is the second most common cancer globally. The estimated new cases in 2020 was 191 930 and estimated deaths was 33 330. Age, family history, & genetic factors are major factors that drive prostate cancer. Although, for treating metastatic disease, the major therapies available are radiation,bisphosphonate, and palliative chemotherapy. But the major drawback is therapy is disease-driven and later becomes metastatic and requires treatment. The ability to revolutionize cancer treatment by major targeting vehicles via the exploration of nanoemulsion suggests a potential for cancer treatment. The unique property of a biphasic liquid dosage form called nanoemulsion to reach leaky tumor vasculature is due to its nano-meter oil-droplet size of 20–200 nm. Recent reporting on nanoemulsions disclose their embracing and lay alternative for re-purposing herbal and synthetic drugs and their combination especially for targeting prostate cancer formulating an obtainable nanomedicine. So, this article emphasizes the use of nanoemulsions incorporating therapeutic agents for successful and targeted delivery for prostate cancer.

Delirium in the NICU: Risk or Reality?

Delirium is a frequent complication of critical illness in adult and pediatric populations and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the incidence, risk, symptoms, or treatment of delirium in the NICU. Only 4 cases of NICU delirium have been reported, but many pediatric studies include infants. The Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium tool has been validated in neonatal and infant populations for identification of delirium. Initial treatment should focus on identification and reversal of the cause, with pharmacologic management reserved for patients with symptoms that do not resolve or that significantly impact medical care. Routine use of intravenous haloperidol should be avoided because of the high incidence of serious adverse effects, but it may be considered in patients with significant symptoms who are unable to take oral medications. Atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone) appear to be efficacious with a low incidence of adverse effects. Risperidone has weight-based dosing and a liquid dosage form available, making it a good option for use in the NICU. Additional data from large cohorts of NICU patients routinely screened for delirium, and treated as indicated, are needed.

Exploring Nanoemulsion for Liver Cancer Therapy

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Among these, at least 0.78 million people died of liver cancer alone. The recognized risk factors for liver cancer include chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, exposure to dietary aflatoxin, fatty liver disease, alcohol-induced cirrhosis, obesity, smoking, diabetes, and iron overload. The treatment plan for early diagnosed patients includes radiation therapy, tumour ablation, surgery, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. Some sort of drug delivery vehicles has to be used when the treatment plan is targeted chemotherapy. Nanoemulsions are a class of biphasic liquid dosage form which are mixtures of oil and water stabilized by a surfactant. They are either transparent or bluish in hue and serve as a wonderful carrier system for chemotherapeutic drugs. These vehicles have a particle size in the range of 20-200 nm allowing them to be delivered successfully in the deepest of tissues. Recent publications on nanoemulsions reveal their acceptance and a popular choice for delivering both synthetic and herbal drugs to the liver. This work focuses on some anti-cancer agents that utilized the advantages of nanoemulsion for liver cancer therapy.

Preparation of parenteral nanocrystal suspensions of etoposide from the excipient free dry state of the drug to enhance in vivo antitumoral properties

Nanoparticle technology in cancer chemotherapy is a promising approach to enhance active ingredient pharmacology and pharmacodynamics. Indeed, drug nanoparticles display various assets such as extended blood lifespan, high drug loading and reduced cytotoxicity leading to better drug compliance. In this context, organic nanocrystal suspensions for pharmaceutical use have been developed in the past ten years. Nanocrystals offer new possibilities by combining the nanoformulation features with the properties of solid dispersed therapeutic ingredients including (i) high loading of the active ingredient, (ii) its bioavailability improvement, and (iii) reduced drug systemic cytotoxicity. However, surprisingly, no antitumoral drug has been marketed as a nanocrystal suspension until now. Etoposide, which is largely used as an anti-cancerous agent against testicular, ovarian, small cell lung, colon and breast cancer in its liquid dosage form, has been selected to develop injectable nanocrystal suspensions designed to be transferred to the clinic. The aim of the present work is to provide optimized formulations for nanostructured etoposide solutions and validate by means of in vitro and in vivo evaluations the efficiency of this multiphase system. Indeed, the etoposide formulated as a nanosuspension by a bottom-up approach showed higher blood life span, reduced tumor growth and higher tolerance in a murine carcinoma cancer model. The results obtained are promising for future clinical evaluation of these etoposide nanosuspensions.

Quality by Design Based Formulation Study of Meloxicam-Loaded Polymeric Micelles for Intranasal Administration

Our study aimed to develop an “ex tempore” reconstitutable, viscosity enhancer- and preservative-free meloxicam (MEL)-loaded polymeric micelle formulation, via Quality by Design (QbD) approach, exploiting the nose-to-brain pathway, as a suitable tool in the treatment of neuroinflammation. The anti-neuroinflammatory effect of nose-to-brain NSAID polymeric micelles was not studied previously, therefore its investigation is promising. Critical product parameters, encapsulation efficiency (89.4%), Z-average (101.22 ± 2.8 nm) and polydispersity index (0.149 ± 0.7) and zeta potential (−25.2 ± 0.4 mV) met the requirements of the intranasal drug delivery system (nanoDDS) and the targeted profile liquid formulation was transformed into a solid preservative-free product by freeze-drying. The viscosity (32.5 ± 0.28 mPas) and hypotonic osmolality (240 mOsmol/L) of the reconstituted formulation provides proper and enhanced absorption and probably guarantees the administration of the liquid dosage form (nasal drop and spray). The developed formulation resulted in more than 20 times faster MEL dissolution rate and five-fold higher nasal permeability compared to starting MEL. The prediction of IVIVC confirmed the great potential for in vivo brain distribution of MEL. The nose-to-brain delivery of NSAIDs such as MEL by means of nanoDDS as polymeric micelles offers an innovative opportunity to treat neuroinflammation more effectively.

HPLC method development for estimation of pitavastatin in liquid dosage form

For the determination of pitavastatin calcium nanoemulsion liquid dosage form a simple, sensitive, reliable and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated. 5 μ particle size column in isocratic mode at 25ºC temperature. The sample was injected through an injector valve with a 10 μl, sample loop. Phosphate buffer (pH 6.4): Methanol (50:50 v/v) was used as a mobile phase with a flow rate of 1 ml per min at 286 nm wavelength. A calibration graph was plotted range between 25-200 μg/ml with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 which showed linearity. Validation studies revealed the method is specific, rapid, reliable, and reproducible. The validity of the method, degradation studies were carried out using the same optimum conditions. Therefore the proposed method is reliable, rapid, precise and selective and may be used for the quantitative analysis of nanoemulsion liquid dosage form of pitavastatin calcium.