“Lean in”: the moderating effect of female ownership on the relationship between human capital and organizational innovation

PurposeWith the aim of shedding new light on the characteristics of human capital in its relationship with organizational innovation, this paper develops a novel theoretical and empirical exploration of the characteristics of human capital, both executives' experience and employees' average education level, as well as the moderating effect of female ownership, on two different aspects of organizational innovation.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from the World Bank's China private manufacturing enterprise questionnaire survey. The study employs regression analysis of a logistic model using 1,598 samples, because the dependent variable of an organization's innovation index is a binary variable.FindingsUsing World Bank survey data of Chinese private manufacturing enterprises, the authors find that executives' experience has a significantly positive effect on process innovation. Female ownership strengthens the relationship between executives' experience and process innovation. Moreover, the results indicate that employees' average educational level has a significantly positive effect on product innovation. Female ownership strengthens the relationships between employees' average educational level and organizational innovation including product innovation and process innovation. This study highlights the importance of simultaneously testing the effects of human capital and gender heterogeneity on organizational innovation activities.Originality/valueThis study explores the impact of human capital on organizational innovation activities in the context of the Chinese manufacturing industry. Moreover, organizational innovation activities are divided into two aspects: product innovation and process innovation. This study separately discusses the effect of human capital on these two kinds of innovation in detail. Finally, female ownership is selected as a moderating variable, and it is demonstrated that interactions of female owners with executives' experience and employees' average educational level have a positive impact on increasing different kinds of organizational innovation. The authors identify new boundary conditions for the domain of female research that are sorely lacking in the present literature.

Human Capital, Training Pathways and Educational and Professional Guidance in China

One of the Government's priorities is to swap from an industrial economy and low salaries to one of Services and high salaries. For this, the government needs to increase the quality of Human Capital, understood as the increase in the average educational level of the population. An educational measure to achieve this goal is to enhance educational and vocational guidance. Orientation is conceived as a measure designed to optimize the adjustment between the education system and labor market. Although it is a measure present in the Chinese educational system before, it is not until 2012, when the government is committed to a model of Educational and<br />Professional Guidance focused on the development<br />of the individual's career. The objective of this<br />paper is to analyze how educational transitions<br />are from one educational stage to another, and<br />from one educational level to another, to know<br />the problems and factors associated with dropped<br />from school. Once detected the different types<br />of transition in the Chinese education system.<br />We contrast it with the theoretical model of<br />educational and professional guidance focused<br />on the development of the individual's vocational<br />career. At the methodological level, a review of<br />the research and of the databases to be used<br />is carried out. Finally, the results show how<br />different itinerary models that Chinese students<br />take according to their socio-educational profile<br />do not fit with the theoretical model of Career<br />Education.

Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with area-level socioeconomic status

ObjectiveOut-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death in the Western world. In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and 30-day survival after OHCA. We hypothesised that high SES at an area level is associated with an improved chance of 30-day survival.MethodsPatients with OHCA in Stockholm County between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2015 were analysed retrospectively. To quantify area-level SES, we linked the patient’s home address to 250 × 250/1000 × 1000 meter grids with aggregated information about income and education. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models in which area-level SES measures were adjusted for age, sex, emergency medical services response time, witnessed status, initial rhythm, aetiology, location and year of cardiac arrest.ResultsWe included 7431 OHCAs. There was significantly greater 30-day survival (p=0.003) in areas with a high proportion of university-educated people. No statistically significant association was seen between median disposable income and 30-day survival. The adjusted OR for 30-day survival among patients in the highest educational quintile was 1.70 (95% CI 1.15 to 2.51) compared with patients in the lowest educational quintile. We found no significant interaction for sex. Positive trend with increasing area-level education was seen in both men and women but the trend was only statistically significant among men (p=0.012)ConclusionsSurvival to 30 days after OHCA is positively associated with the average educational level of the residential area. Area-level income does not independently predict 30-day survival after OHCA.

The Symptoms of Postpartum Depression in Fathers in the City of Elbasan

This study makes an exploration of Postpartum Depression symptoms of fathers in the city of Elbasan. The aim of this study is the recognition of the existence of Postpartum Depression in fathers identifying them in the picture of the symptoms. The study sample consisted of 40 fathers who had a maximum of a year that became parents, with a stable job and the average educational level of formation. Sample selection was carried out in public kindergartens number 1 (one) and 2 (two) in the city of Elbasan. For the methodology of this study are used quantitative methods. The collection of data for this study was conducted in a period of about four months, during the months of February, March, April, May, 2015. The instruments used in this study are the Beck Depression Inventory, Postpartum Depression Scale Edingurgh. Beck Depression Inventory and Edingurgh rate were used as tools because both measure Postpartum Depression Depression and that has the same picture symptoms episode of major depression with the only change the time of development. Instruments that are used to obtain the data necessary to test hypotheses raised in this study were initially piloted before applying them in the final stage. Results of this study showed that 85% of fathers taken in the study showed symptoms of postpartum depression as dissatisfaction with the activities, criticism of themselves, concern / irritability, changes in sleep, lack of interest in people / activities, lack of energy, fatigue, hesitancy in decision making, feelings of guilt, difficulty concentrating, pessimism, frustration, failures of the past, sorrow. The study suggests that measures should be taken for public awareness of the symptoms of postpartum depression are present and in fathers and the Postpartum Depression is not attributed only to women.

The Symptoms of Postpartum Depression in Fathers in the City of Elbasan

This study makes an exploration of Postpartum Depression symptoms of fathers in the city of Elbasan. The aim of this study is the recognition of the existence of Postpartum Depression in fathers identifying them in the picture of the symptoms. The study sample consisted of 40 fathers who had a maximum of a year that became parents, with a stable job and the average educational level of formation. Sample selection was carried out in public kindergartens number 1 (one) and 2 (two) in the city of Elbasan. For the methodology of this study are used quantitative methods. The collection of data for this study was conducted in a period of about four months, during the months of February, March, April, May, 2015. The instruments used in this study are the Beck Depression Inventory, Postpartum Depression Scale Edingurgh. Beck Depression Inventory and Edingurgh rate were used as tools because both measure Postpartum Depression Depression and that has the same picture symptoms episode of major depression with the only change the time of development. Instruments that are used to obtain the data necessary to test hypotheses raised in this study were initially piloted before applying them in the final stage. Results of this study showed that 85% of fathers taken in the study showed symptoms of postpartum depression as dissatisfaction with the activities, criticism of themselves, concern / irritability, changes in sleep, lack of interest in people / activities, lack of energy, fatigue, hesitancy in decision making, feelings of guilt, difficulty concentrating, pessimism, frustration, failures of the past, sorrow. The study suggests that measures should be taken for public awareness of the symptoms of postpartum depression are present and in fathers and the Postpartum Depression is not attributed only to women.

Impact of introducing low lift pump on improving income of farm households in some areas of Bhola district in Bangladesh

This study focuses the impact of low lift pump (LLP) on farm income and cropping patterns followed by the selected farmers in Bhola district. A random sampling technique was used for the study. Primary data were collected from 60 LLP users from January to March, 2010 through two set of pre-tested questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and profit function were used in the study. Most of the farmers are well experience in farming. The average age of the household head is 47 for owner, 45 for tenant, 44 for owner cum tenant and 41 for LLP owners. The average educational level is 6 for owner, 4 for cash tenant, 5 for owner cum tenant and 5 for LLP Owners. Household size is the largest for cash tenant which is 5.36. Mug – Fallow - B.Aman was the main cropping patterns before using LLP and it was 39.22%. On the other hand, Boro – Fallow -T.Aman was the main cropping pattern after introducing LLP and it was 53.22% in the study area. The income increased in all categories of farmers due to the introduction of LLP. Cash tenant earned more and owner cultivators earned less among the farmer’s categories. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v9i2.11035 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 9(2): 233–240, 2011

French Trends in Social and Educational Opportunities, 1982-1997

French social mobility studies concur with those for other advanced industrial societies and point to deep change in the occupational structure in recent decades. This increases the possibility that children will find themselves in a different social category than their parents (raw mobility). But despite a rise in average educational level and mild steady progress towards equal achievement in school by social origin, mobility has shown no radical change after adjustment for evolutions in the job structure (net mobility).

First Generation Iranian Immigrants and the Question of Cultural Identity: The Case of Iowa

Based on survey research and in-depth interviews, this article concerns first generation Iranian immigrants in Iowa and focuses on the extent of their integration into the host society's culture. The findings indicate that while the majority of respondents are fully bilingual and receptive of the host society's culture, they are confident enough to bring up their children based on Iranian cultural values. Yet the longer they stay in the United States, the more isolated they become and the lonelier they feel. There are two plausible explanations: first, their middle-class to upper-class status and above-average educational level is a determining factor in reinforcing Iranian ethnic pride; second, despite their educational and professional successes, Iranian immigrants’ failure to blend into the society at large signals a more serious problem of prejudice and subtle discrimination against them.

The Popularization of Astronomy in Mexico

Mexican professional astronomers have a great task ahead if they want to popularize astronomy. We are very few and the country has great educational needs, with 4 years of elementary school being the average educational level.In order to overcome this challenge, the Institute of Astronomy of the National University has popularized astronomy using the following resources: 1) publications, 2) public lectures, 3) advice to museums and planetariums, 4) radio and television interviews, and 5) courses.

The Administration of Criminal Law in some Kenya African Courts

The Kenya African Courts hear in a year about twice as many criminal charges as all the Magistrate's Courts of the Colony together, yet the nature of their functioning is very little known in legal circles. Their jurisdiction in criminal matters extends over some 27 sections of the Penal Code including theft and indecent assault, and over a large variety of offences under other laws, as well as over all African District Council By-laws. This paper aims to give a picture of certain illuminating peculiarities in their administration of this body of criminal law. It is based on the records of individual cases and on knowledge gained from hearing appeals from African Courts and on listening to cases being conducted. The North Nyanza Courts, where the material was gathered, are amongst the most advanced in Kenya, having a staff of elders and clerks of a higher average educational level than those of most other districts.