Sexuality and power are at the root of most sexual and reproductive health problems in Thailand, including reproductive tract infections, fertility and population control, unwanted pregnancy and abortion, unsafe abortion, unsafe motherhood and violence against women, as well as issues emerging from the mobile and migrant population, including the spreading of HIV/AIDS. In the past three decades, reproductive health services in Thailand have been established and strengthened. Since 1995, reproductive health has become a priority of the Ministry of Public Health. Health system reform in 2000 led to strategies and actions of health performance improvement. Ongoing multisectoral programmes include: (1) political and social involvement; (2) training for professionals; (3) multidimensional services; and (4) research.