The Introduction of Admission Fees in London: Fencing Prizes, Bearbaiting Arenas, and Speculative Origins

Medieval performers gathered coins during a show from people assembled to see them. By 1570, performers throughout London collected admission fees before a show as a condition of entry. When, how, and by whom were admission fees introduced? Based on the research of David Kathman, I argue that travelling players brought the admission fee system to London in the late 1530s, after which animal baiting entrepreneurs and the fencing brotherhood adopted and refined it. In conclusion, this essay offers a speculative origin for the admission fee system in the practice of shrine keeping.

Festival Admission and Visitors’ Behavioral Intentions

Food festivals provide unique opportunities for leisure, social and cultural experiences, help generate business and income for the host community and promote a positive image of the local community. This study examines the behavioral intentions of first time and repeat visitors to revisit and recommend a festival when admission fee is charged vs no admission. The study also investigates the impact of admission fees on the intention to revisit and recommend the festival for different age groups. Two-way ANOVA and independent t-tests were used. Results found that admission fees impacted the intentions to revisit and recommend the festival. Keywords: Festival, Behavioral intentions, Revisit, Recommendations, Admission fee, Age

Pesantren dan Gairah Keislaman Kelas Menengah di Sumatera Barat

West Sumatra society today has a high interest in getting children into pesantren, it can be seen from the interest that increased every year. In terms of cost, education funds in pesantren are quite expensive. Admission fee into pesantren currently ranges from eight to fifteen million rupiahs, while monthly for one child ranges from seven hundred thousand to one million three hundred rupiahs per month. This differs greatly from public schools that are free of charge. The assumption is that this is a positive symptom where parents have a good Islamic passion and give sufficient attention to increase their children's religious understanding. This paper will explain about the phenomenon of education is quite expensive but able to attract the interest and attention of the community and reveal what factors are driving parents to enter children into Islamic boarding schools. The method used is qualitative. The fact that the assumption is not entirely true, because many factors that encourage parents to enter children into the pesantren are more driven by work, household problems, and more importantly, the community considers pesantren to be able to provide solutions for child development problems. In fact the pesantren is also unable to fully appreciate the role of parents. So the awareness of all parties, both parents and the school to collaborate, really helps the realization of better children's education

KARAKTERISTIK, MOTIVASI DAN KEPUASAN WISATAWAN NUSANTARA YANG BERKUNJUNG KE DAYA TARIK WISATA CITY TOUR DENPASAR

This study aims to determine the characteristics, motivation and satisfaction of tourists who visit the tourist attraction city tour Denpasar. Research methods include: observation, questionnaires to 100 tourists, literature study and documentation and descriptive qualitative as the analysis techniques. The results showed that the characteristics of tourists dominated 81% aged 15-30 years, 60% male, 79% are not married, university level education 71%, 77% students, 56% of the island of Java, resources through friends / family 36 %, 62% ground transportation, hotel accommodations as a means of 65%, frequency of visit to Bali 2-3 times 75%, 45% choose to visit, type of visit 65%, 65% of people who had been invited, organizers of 75%. Furthermore, intrinsic motivation tourists dominated by indicators want to know the Balinese art with scale score of 4.21 (strong), while extrinsic motivation is dominated indicators admission fee affordable fascination with score of 4.20 (strong). In general, tourists are satisfied with the tourist attraction, and the indicator that dominates is the physical aspect of the form of security with score of 4.33 (very satisfied) and non-physical aspects of the hospitality and courtesy clerk with score of 4.97 (very satisfied). Through this research is expected the municipality, manager of a tourist attraction can improve the quality and attractiveness of city tour service in accordance with the characteristics, motivation and satisfaction of tourists so the frequency and the number of tourist arrivals increased evenly.

Queuing Game Theory Based Optimal Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Users over Space Information Networks

An optimal routing scheme in space information networks was presented to balance network loads for heterogeneous users. According to the competition among the nodes, the model was built based on queuing game theory. The virtual routing platform was in charge of resources allocation and route selection. It got user’s gain to decide which node the user joined in. Owning to the existing of heterogeneous users, an optimal admission fee needed to be obtained to avoid congestion. In our model, firstly, the whole welfare of the system was formulated. Then the optimal admission fee was calculated through maximizing the whole welfare. Meanwhile, the average maximum queue length was generated to set the buffer space of the node. At last, a routing factor was introduced into the route algorithm in order that the optimal routing could be selected by heterogeneous users. As a result, the system welfare reaches the maximum.