THE COMPOSITIONAL AND MUSICAL COMPONENTS OF SPECIAL ARTISTRY IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS

Rhythmic gymnastics is an Olympic sport. Competitive composition in rhythmic gymnastics should not only meeting the requirements of the physical abilities, but being technically perfect and expressively performed by a gymnast as well. Describing the expressiveness of rhythmic gymnast’s performance, the term “special artistry” is used. Special artistry in rhythmic gymnastics means artistry of compositional content, artistry of rhythmic gymnast, shown by athlete during performance of competitional composition and gymnast’s artistic abilities, influencing aesthetical effect of composition performance. The evaluation of judges at competitions often has a subjective character that is why the actual task of research is to make the expert assessment more objective. Particular investigation in general focuses on possible solutions to make alternative judging. Thus special artistry generally is viewed in 4 components – technical, aesthetical, compositional and musical. This paper is focused only on compositional and musical components of special artistry, headlining creation, build and content of composition, its execution and compositional and musical skills of the gymnast. The aim of the research is to define and to classify competitional composition determining components criteria and exponents of special artistry in rhythmic gymnastics. To develop this research there was used the meta-analysis of scientific literature, using researches of the top rhythmic gymnastics, art and music specialists from one data base, with further creation of thematic typology of elements. In total there were screened 961 sources of which 107 qualified and 25 were chosen for further research. Investigating chosen data sources by the appropriated search terms, as a result 15 criteria and 104 exponents in compositional component, and 5 criteria and 4 exponents in musical component of special artistry in rhythmic gymnastics were determined and classified according to the selected structure of special artistry components in rhythmic gymnastics.

Correlation of Energy and Protein Consumption Levels with Physical Endurance of Rhythmic Gymnast Athletes

Appearance of a gymnast will score additional point in competition. This study aimed to understand the correlation between consumption level of energy and protein with physical endurance of rhythmic gymnast athletes at Wimilia gymnasium in Semarang on 2010. This was an applied study. The study samples are 7 rhythmic gymnasts at Wimilia gymnasium in Semarang. We used total sampling technique. Our analysis found a strong correlation between independent variables and dependent variable. X?Y? = 0.97; X?Y? = 0.77; X?Y? = 0.97; X?Y? = 0.96; X?Y? = 0.94; X?Y? = 0.79; X?Y? = o, 97 and X?Y? = o, 96. Research data suggested that gymnastics Wimilia coach and rhythmic gymnast trainers were to pay more attention to the correlation between dependent variables static balance .

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Performance of Rhythmic Gymnasts

The competition result of a rhythmic gymnast is dependent on the assessment of referees based on the athletic level of athlete at scene (including the difficulty, choreography, and quality of movements), and final ranking after comparing with the scores of other competitors. The paper proposes several factors which can affect the performances of rhythmic gymnasts including: the subjective factors such as scoring of referees, and also the objective factors such as athletic level of athletes at scene, competition conditions, competitors' conditions, etc.; and the paper also proposes the related countermeasures for above issues.

Fasting and Feasting: Paradoxes of the Sport Ethic

In this study the sociological and philosophical concept of the sport ethic has been utilized to explain the meaning of extreme and overconforming athlete behaviors which manifest themselves as athletic preparation. The study discloses, through the life history of a rhythmic gymnast, how the meanings and values of what it means to be an athlete were transmitted through the day-to-day discourse of athlete practice. By focusing on the dietary preoccupations of gymnasts involved in international competition, it was possible to demonstrate how modern sport preparation is not only distorted but also paradoxical, serving to push the body beyond its limits while insisting on its preservation.