Aversive Reactivity: A Transdiagnostic Functional Bridge Between Neuroticism and Avoidant Behavioral Coping

Aversive reactivity to negative affect has been described as a transdiagnostic mechanism that links distal temperamental vulnerabilities to clinically relevant behaviors. However, the abundance of constructs reflecting aversive reactivity has resulted in a proliferation of models that may ultimately be redundant. We performed a circumscribed review of studies measuring associations between six constructs – anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, distress intolerance, intolerance of uncertainty, thought-action fusion, and negative urgency – and ten relevant coping behaviors. Results suggested that most constructs were measured in relation to a limited number of coping behaviors. Additionally, constructs were most often measured in isolation, rather than with similar constructs. Implications and suggestions for future research and treatment are discussed.

Ideal Corporal Masculino: Percepciones De Estudiantes Universitarios De Nutrición

Body image is a dynamic entity that includes three components: perceptive, cognitive-affective and behavioral; It is constructed of characteristics such as age, sex and educational level, as well as the ideas established by the context. The interaction between the psychological and the social can lead to the development of clinically relevant behaviors. Thus, the objective of the present investigation was to know the perceptions on the male body ideal of the college students of nutrition. Through a focus group, since the qualitative-phenomenological approach and based on the participants discourse, four categories of analysis were derived. It was found that media (including social networks), cultures, stereotypes and beliefs are predominant factors in the construction of the male body ideal, which is reflected in self-esteem, health, economic, occupational or professional opportunities, and to achieve it, can be developed eating disorders symptoms or muscular dimorphic disorder symptoms. It is conclude that the focus group allows knowing the perceptions related to male body ideal by college students of nutrition, where it was showed that, also the society pressures to achieve that ideal, for example, participants express body satisfaction, but wish to modify their composition, so their beliefs determine what must be done to reach such ideal. Therefore, it is evident the importance of carrying out intervention programs at the primary level in college students, from health psychology.

Blocking Avoidance and Escape Responses: Relations With Clinically Relevant Behaviors

The current study aims to evaluate the possible effects of interrupting problematic clinically relevant behaviors on the percentage of these responses and of clinical improvement-related responses. Two clients were treated with Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), alternating two conditions (ABAB). On condition A, procedures to the therapist consisted of responding to the clinical improvement responses, and to description of outside of therapeutic setting behaviors, but therapists were advised to ignore problem behaviors emitted in session. During condition B, therapists followed the same procedures, but they were oriented to block (interrupt) problematic responses emitted in session. Results suggest increase in the percentage of problem behaviors during condition B. Results are discussed, highlighting the viability of planning the contingent response the therapist emits to clinically relevant behaviors.

Social Influence and Clinical Intervention

Kelman’s tripartite model organizes advances in research on social influence and clinical outcomes. Recent years have produced important advances in the field’s understanding of compliance, identification, and internalization. In compliance research, normative feedback has, under some conditions, altered clinically relevant behaviors, including drug abuse and gambling. In identification research, the therapeutic alliance has predicted 5–30 percent of the variance in clinical outcomes. Evidence suggests a causal relationship between alliance and outcomes, and that ruptured alliances can be repaired. Internalization theories from basic science have generated little recent clinical application research, but a clinician-developed approach to internalization, motivational interviewing, has generated substantial recent research. Though mixed, enough evidence supports motivational interviewing to warrant additional research.