Sensoriamento Remoto Aplicado na Geoespacialização do Reservatório Poço da Cruz - PE e seu Entorno

O Sertão Pernambucano é caracterizado por longos períodos de secas, com um regime pluviométrico inconstante e irregular, dificultando o desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região. Neste contexto a aplicação de técnica de Sensoriamento Remoto utilizando de imagens georreferenciadas destaca-se pela relevância no monitoramento e análise da variação da cobertura vegetal e do suprimento hídrico nos reservatórios da região. Este estudo objetivou-se em avaliar as variações temporais geoespacializadas do uso e ocupação do solo, vegetação e área superficial do espelho d’água do reservatório de Poço da Cruz - PE, em uma perspectiva espectro temporal utilizando imagens datadas de 2000, 2013 e 2020, aplicando os índices espectrais MNDWI, NDWI, SAVI, IAF, dos sistemas sensores TM Landsat 5 e OLI Landsat 8, e ferramentas do projeto MAPBIOMAS da coleção 5.0. A análise do MNDWI identificou o aumento na área superficial do reservatório ao longo dos anos, ressaltando que os anos de 2000 e 2013 apresentaram um maior estresse hídrico com redução dos valores do índice. Os índices NDWI, SAVI e IAF, apontaram uma cobertura vegetal escassa e seca com baixa umidade para os anos de 2000 e 2013, entretanto, observou-se o aumento do vigor vegetativo e presença de maior umidade para o ano de 2020. Condizente com os dados obtidos para o uso e ocupação do solo pelo projeto MAPBIOMAS, indicando que houve um aumento das áreas destinadas a agricultura e pastagem no entorno do reservatório entre os anos de 2000 e 2013, bem como o incremento do seu espelho d´água. Analysis of the Temporal Variability of Water Body in the Backwoods of the Pernambuco A B S T R A C TThe Sertão Pernambucano is characterized by long periods of drought, with an unstable and irregular rainfall regime, which hinders the socioeconomic development of the region. In this context, the application of the Remote Sensing technique using georeferenced images stands out for its relevance in monitoring and analyzing the variation in vegetation cover and water supply in the region's reservoirs. This study aimed to evaluate the geospatial temporal variations of the use and occupation of the soil, vegetation and surface area of the water mirror of the Poço da Cruz reservoir - PE, in a temporal spectrum perspective using images dated from 2000, 2013 and 2020, applying the spectral indices MNDWI, NDWI, SAVI, IAF, from the TM Landsat 5 and OLI Landsat 8 sensor systems, and tools from the MapBiomas project from the 5.0 collection. The MNDWI analysis identified the increase in the surface area of the reservoir over the years, noting that the years 2000 and 2013 showed greater water stress with a reduction in the index values. The NDWI, SAVI and IAF indexes indicated a sparse and dry vegetation cover with low humidity for the years 2000 and 2013, however, there was an increase in vegetative vigor and the presence of higher humidity for the year 2020. data obtained for land use and occupation by the MapBiomas project, indicating that there was an increase in areas for agriculture and pasture around the reservoir between 2000 and 2013, as well as an increase in its water surface.Keywords: biophysical indices; water resource; remote sensing.

Evaluation of Melasma Treatment Effectiveness by Skin Biophysical Indices

This article presents an assessment of the effectiveness of treatment of melasma according to the biophysical indicators of skin 176 patients who applied to the DIVA EFFECT private cosmetology clinic in Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) in 2018–2020. The control group included 85 women without facial skin pigmentation. Criteria for inclusion in the study of patients: age 20–60 years, skin pigmentation for 1–12 years, residence in Kyrgyzstan, informed consent and consent to procedures for diagnosis, treatment. Amounts of sebum on skin surface, level of skin moisture and pigmentation, acid-alkaline balance of skin are determined. Despite the lack of sebum in all types of melasma, greater fat content was detected at 20–29 years old, including in the control group. The treatment helped to increase skin humidity, but with different intensities. Treatment slightly increased skin humidity, but only dry skin was characteristic of patients, both in the experimental and control groups. In patients of the control group, skin pH was from 4.1±0.5 to 4.8±0.5. The acid-alkaline balance of the skin in patients was mainly lower than normal, with the exception of the age group of 20–29 years, 30–39 years with dermal melasma. After treatment, the melanin content was within normal range at all types of melasma compared to the control group. The treatment performed reduced skin greasiness in epidermal and dermal type, acid-alkaline skin balance in dermal and mixed type. Melanin levels decreased and skin humidity increased slightly with all types.

Effects of foliar spray of agricultural grade mineral oil in springtime, in combination with potassium and calcium sulfates on the phenological and biophysical indices of clusters, and foliar nutritional levels in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Sultana (Id. Thompson seedless, Sultanina)

Background Improving the nutritional condition of grapevine in spring to regulate bloom, fruit set, and yield is among the management goals of vineyards. Methods In the present study, the early season spray of calcium sulfate (C; 0.00 and 2.00%), potassium sulfate (K; 0.00 and 3.00%), and agricultural grade mineral oil (V; 0.00 and 1.00%) on flower and fruit phenology, nutrient concentration, and cluster biophysical indices and yield of Sultana grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated for two consecutive years. Results Based on the results, the spray of this nutrient combined with mineral oil significantly affected all the treatments except cluster length, berry length, and phosphorus concentration. The highest concentrations of potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1, and the highest concentrations of zinc and iron were obtained only in the vines treated with mineral oil. In treatments containing mineral oil, especially in combination with the second level of calcium and potassium (V1K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were delayed by 3, 3, and 6 days compared with control vines. While in vines treated with a combination of the second level of potassium and calcium (V0K1C1), bloom time, berries pea-sized time, and harvest time were advanced by 5, 4, and 1.50 days, respectively, compared with control vines. Regarding the biophysical indices of the cluster, it was found that the vines treated with V1K1C1 had higher cluster weight, berry weight, fruit, and raisins yield than other treatments. Also, the highest berry quality, including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total phenol content, were obtained in the vines treated with V0K1C1. However, the lowest berry quality was observed in the vines treated with mineral oil. Conclusions Therefore, the combination of nutrients with mineral oil can alleviate the adverse effect of mineral oil solely on some phenological indices and berry quality-related traits in vineyards.

The influence of conditions of detention the hoof and the development of aseptic inflammation of the producing layer of the base of the skin soles hooves in the cows

Violation of the conditions of animals keeping and the lack of proper level of veterinary and sanitary culture on farms does not allow to achieve a balance between the organism of the cattle and the environment of its stay. The uneven distribution of body weight on the surface of the sole caused by keeping animals on a rough floor promotes the emergence of producing corns, stretching of the tendons and ligaments, slippery flooring leads to the fall of animals and the occurrence of various injuries, in particular, fractures of the limbs, tensile bond, capsule of the joint, excessively hard floor – to excessive erosion of the horn of the sole, etc. In such herds it is difficult to maintain animal health at the proper level and prevent the occurrence of, in particular, aseptic pododermatitis. The article deals with the results on the dissemination of aseptic pododermatitis in cows for the presence of animals on wooden and reinforced concrete slit floors during the winter and standstill period of containment. It has been established that aseptic pododermatitis in cows on reinforced concrete slit floor is registered in 71.6% of cases, while on wooden – only 28.4%. In the hoof horn of the thoracic and pelvic extremities of the cows, with aseptic pododermatitis, the amount of moisture decreased by 8.2 and 9.3% respectively, the concentration of SH-groups increases by 10.6 and 15.8%, with a possible decrease in the content of calcium, sulfur, cuprum and zinc; decreases the hoof horn density and resistance to abrasion of the epithelium of the hooves of the pelvic limbs by 1.6 and 18.0%, as well as the intensity of the abrasion sole hooves of the thoracic and pelvic limbs is increased by 7.5 and 20.0%, which helps to reduce the growth of the epidermis of the sole. Consequently, changes in certain biochemical and biophysical indices of hoof horns of cows suffering from aseptic pododermatitis, which were held on the reinforced concrete slit, indicate a deterioration in the quality of the epidermal hooves and excessive erosion of the sole, which is one of the causes of the occurrence and development of aseptic pododermatitis in cows.

A Disposable Blood-on-a-Chip for Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Biophysical Properties

Biophysical properties are widely used to detect pathophysiological processes of vascular diseases or clinical states. For early detection of cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to simultaneously measure multiple biophysical properties in a microfluidic environment. However, a microfluidic-based technique for measuring multiple biophysical properties has not been demonstrated. In this study, a simple measurement method was suggested to quantify three biophysical properties of blood, including red blood cell (RBC) deformability, RBC aggregation, and hematocrit. To demonstrate the suggested method, a microfluidic device was constructed, being composed of a big-sized channel (BC), a parallel micropillar (MP), a main channel, a branch channel, inlet, and outlets. By operating a single syringe pump, blood was supplied into the inlet of the microfluidic device, at a periodic on-off profile (i.e., period = 240 s). The RBC deformability index (DI) was obtained by analyzing the averaged blood velocity in the branch channel. Additionally, the RBC aggregation index (AIN) and the hematocrit index (HiBC) were measured by analyzing the image intensity of blood flows in the MP and the BC, respectively. The corresponding contributions of three influencing factors, including the turn-on time (Ton), the amplitude of blood flow rate (Q0), and the hematocrit (Hct) on the biophysical indices (DI, AIN, and HiBC) were evaluated quantitatively. As the three biophysical indices varied significantly with respect to the three factors, the following conditions (i.e., Ton = 210 s, Q0 = 1 mL/h, and Hct = 50%) were maintained for consistent measurement of biophysical properties. The proposed method was employed to detect variations of biophysical properties depending on the concentrations of autologous plasma, homogeneous hardened RBCs, and heterogeneous hardened RBCs. Based on the observations, the proposed method exhibited significant differences in biophysical properties depending on base solutions, homogeneous hardened RBCs (i.e., all RBCs fixed with the same concentration of glutaraldehyde solution), and heterogeneous hardened RBCs (i.e., partially mixed with normal RBCs and homogeneous hardened RBCs). Additionally, the suggested indices (i.e., DI, AIN, and HiBC) were effectively employed to quantify three biophysical properties, including RBC deformability, RBC aggregation, and hematocrit.

Features of purulent pododermatitis course in cattle

The article deals with the results of researches of many scientists concerning the pathogenesis of purulent pododermatitis in cattle. A considerable distribution of orthopedic diseases, in particular pododermatitis in highly productive cows, has been established. It is proved that untimely corrective cleansing of the hoof, and as a consequence of deformation, prolonged stall content, unsatisfactory zoo-hygienic conditions, in particular, the high content of ammonia in the air, moisture, nymphs on the floor, the imbalance of ration of feeds, the deficit in ration of nutrients and minerals, the absence of the mition and insolation, leads to a deterioration in the quality of the hoof, which is manifested by changes in biochemical and biophysical indices. This leads to aseptic pododermatitis, and penetration into the area of the sole of the microflora and microscopic fungi contributes to the purulent inflammation of the base of the skin of the hoof soles in the livestock. The theoretical substantiation and practical confirmation of the role of microscopic fungi in the pathogenesis of purulent pododermatitis in cattle, which is to destroy hoof keratin, which is due to the keratolytic properties of fungi. It has been scientifically proven that the identification of keratomycetes in the hoof horn is important in the diagnosis of purulent poddlermatitis in animals and influences the choice of directions for their successful treatment. It was established that the elimination of negative conditions of keeping, feeding, corrective cleansing, provision of animals for motion and insolation in combination with the application for therapeutic purposes of substances that possess not only anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, but also fungicidal properties contributes to the rapid recovery of orthopedic animals.