Fort-Dauphin beach sands, south Madagascar: natural radionuclides and mineralogical studies

The Fort-Dauphin beach sand placer occurs as black sands on the East-South of Madagascar. The placer contributes 2/3 of the total heavy mineral resources of this country. The major minerals of the deposit are monazite, zircon, quartz, garnet, spinel, sillimanite as non-refractory minerals; ilmenite, anatase, rutile, titanite, leucoxene, pseudorutile and as a refractory one. The average concentration of the ilmenite, monazite, zircon and other minerals is 66.72%, 2.3%, 2.8%, and 28.18% respectively. Ilmenite contains 63 wt.% of TiO2, Zircon - 44 wt.% of ZrO2, Monazite contains 53 wt.% of oxide rare earth elements (REE) and up to 2 wt.% of UO2 and 9 wt.% of ThO2. The total REE in the studied samples was observed high concentration up to 16000ppm and a high ratio of Σ LREE/Σ HREE>31. The principal natural radionuclide in this placer is 232Th with the concentration of 232Th from 2710 to 6000 ppm, 3620 ppm on average while for the 238U from 124 to 340 ppm, 237 ppm on average which are higher than the average of their in Earth’s crust 360 and 70 times respectively.

Fort-Dauphin beach sands, south Madagascar: natural radionuclides and mineralogical studies

The Fort-Dauphin beach sand placer occurs as black sands on the East-South of Madagascar. The placer contributes 2/3 of the total heavy mineral resources of this country. The major minerals of the deposit are monazite, zircon, quartz, garnet, spinel, sillimanite as non-refractory minerals; ilmenite, anatase, rutile, titanite, leucoxene, pseudorutile and as a refractory one. The average concentration of the ilmenite, monazite, zircon and other minerals is 66.72%, 2.3%, 2.8%, and 28.18% respectively. Ilmenite contains 63 wt.% of TiO2, Zircon - 44 wt.% of ZrO2, Monazite contains 53 wt.% of oxide rare earth elements (REE) and up to 2 wt.% of UO2 and 9 wt.% of ThO2. The total REE in the studied samples was observed high concentration up to 16000ppm and a high ratio of Σ LREE/Σ HREE>31. The principal natural radionuclide in this placer is 232Th with the concentration of 232Th from 2710 to 6000 ppm, 3620 ppm on average while for the 238U from 124 to 340 ppm, 237 ppm on average which are higher than the average of their in Earth’s crust 360 and 70 times respectively.

Perencanaan lanskap wisata kesehatan di pesisir Desa Kusamba, Kecamatan Dawan, Kabupaten Klungkung

Health tourism landscape planning in coastal Kusamba, Kusamba Village, Dawan sub-district,Klungkung Regency. Kusamba village is a village in eastern Klungkung that has coastal potential as a touristdestination. Kusamba coastal is famous for its marine products and traditional salt making, unfortunately thattraditional salt making now lost it’s existence. Kusamba coastal also has the potential of nature that can beutilized as a health tourism using sea salt and black sand. The purpose of this study was to plan the existinglandscape of the Kusamba coastal and to preserved natural products and traditional salt making. Method usedin this study was field survey with observation technique, interview, distributing questionnaire, and literaturestudy. The planning method applied was implemented Simonds planning process (2006) with somemodification. The results showed that tourism activities and health tourism applied in coastal areas of Kusambawere salt spa and black sand therapy where is the visitors can relaxed their body with sea salt and black sands. It can be recommended that further research on development of nature tourism Kusamba need to held in orderto explore Kusamba have coastal forest which is very potential as nature tourism.

Preliminary Resource Potential Assessment of Placer Light Rare Earth Elements (LREEs) from mid-Siwalik Sediments of a late Miocene Himalayan Foreland Basin, Pakistan

The present study has assessed the preliminary placer LREEs resource potential of mid-Siwalik Group Dhok Pathan Formation from Surghar-Shingar Range of NW Himalayan foreland Fold-and-Thrust-Belt and regarded them as indicative resources only. The analytical results of bulk samples of sandstone did not show any anomalous concentration of REEs. However, the ICP-MS results of heavy minerals laminations (black sands) revealed high concentrations (ppm) of LREEs (La: 975, Ce: 2831, Pr: 193, Nd: 746, Sm: 127, Gd: 98.70). We identified monazite-(Ce) [Ce, La, Nd]PO4 as the primary LREEs-bearing mineral through Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA). The representative quantitative micro-mineral analysis of monazite confirmed promising concentration of Rare Earth Oxides (REOs) maximum (in weight %) - La2O3: 16.20, Ce2O3: 37.82, Pr2O3: 4.77, Nd2O3: 21.72, Sm2O3: 5.23, Gd2O3: 4.88. Considering the thickness, lateral extension and depositional setting of host sediments along-with anomalously high concentrations of LREEs, it has been concluded that these Siwalik sediments host good indicative placer resource potential for low-cost recovery of LREEs.

Preliminary Resource Potential Assessment of Placer Light Rare Earth Elements (LREEs) from mid-Siwalik Sediments of a late Miocene Himalayan Foreland Basin, Pakistan

The present study has assessed the preliminary placer LREEs resource potential of mid-Siwalik Group Dhok Pathan Formation from Surghar-Shingar Range of NW Himalayan foreland Fold-and-Thrust-Belt and regarded them as indicative resources only. The analytical results of bulk samples of sandstone did not show any anomalous concentration of REEs. However, the ICP-MS results of heavy minerals laminations (black sands) revealed high concentrations (ppm) of LREEs (La: 975, Ce: 2831, Pr: 193, Nd: 746, Sm: 127, Gd: 98.70). We identified monazite-(Ce) [Ce, La, Nd]PO4 as the primary LREEs-bearing mineral through Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA). The representative quantitative micro-mineral analysis of monazite confirmed promising concentration of Rare Earth Oxides (REOs) maximum (in weight %) - La2O3: 16.20, Ce2O3: 37.82, Pr2O3: 4.77, Nd2O3: 21.72, Sm2O3: 5.23, Gd2O3: 4.88. Considering the thickness, lateral extension and depositional setting of host sediments along-with anomalously high concentrations of LREEs, it has been concluded that these Siwalik sediments host good indicative placer resource potential for low-cost recovery of LREEs.

Kajian Model Interaksi pada Adsorpsi Logam Berat Kadmium (Cd2+) dengan Menggunakan Adsorben dari Pasir Hitam

This study aimed to analyze the adsorption ability of black sand in the metal ions adsorb cadmium (Cd2+) with a concentration of 70 ppm to a solution with a pH of 4,5. The black sand is used is 40 mesh. This research was conducted by batch adsorption system naturally and adsorption kinetics modeling. Kinetics of adsorption reached equilibrium at time t = 120 minutes with the percentage concentration of adsorbed Cd2+ 18,5%. In the adsorption kinetics modeling correlation coefficient is almost the same between the equations of first order and second order in the amount of 0.98 and 0.99. The result indicated that the type of interaction Cd2+ ions on the surface of black sands occur in chemistry and physics. The adsorption kinetics of diffusion modeling of internal and external diffusion of the correlation coefficient of 0,85 and 0,71. From this data it can be seen that in this study is modeling kinetic internal diffusion trend that shows adsorbent particles are inter sand surface area that experienced internal inter-particle pore diffusion.