Effect of benzylpenicillin sodium salt on the species composition of activated sludge biocenosis

Видовой состав активного ила зависит от множества абиотических и биотических факторов. На сегодняшний день появилась проблема возникновения в сточных водах остатков фармацевтических препаратов, которые негативно влияют на организмы активного ила, осуществляющего биологическую очистку воды. Лекарственными средствами, вызывающими нарушения метаболизма активного ила и приводящими к снижению степени очистки воды, являются антибиотики. Эти вещества снижают выживаемость и размножение некоторых видов организмов, а также приводят к развитию резистентности у бактерий. Приведены результаты исследований по воздействию бензилпенициллина натриевой соли на гидробионты активного ила при однократном и многократном воздействии в течение 72 часов. Проведена оценка общих свойств ила – цвет, запах, возможность вспухания, седиментационные свойства. Для исследования биоценоза ила использовали метод «раздавленная капля» при увеличении ×1000. При анализе микроскопических препаратов учитывали количество гидробионтов активного ила и их общее состояние. В качестве индикаторных организмов использовали следующие виды: амебы голые Amoeba, раковинные Testacea, жгутиковые Flagellata, коловратки Rotaria, инфузории Vaginicola,Epistylis и Aspidisca, черви Nematoda и Oligоchaeta, тихоходки, нитчатые бактерии. Полученные данные свидетельствовали об удовлетворительной работе активного ила в условиях эксперимента. Однако при многократном добавлении бензилпенициллина натриевой соли возможно ухудшение процессов нитрификации. The species composition of activated sludge depends on many abiotic and biotic factors. To date, there is a problem of the presence of trace pharmaceuticals in wastewater that negatively affect the organisms of activated sludge performing biological water treatment. Antibiotics are drugs that cause disturbances in the metabolism of activated sludge and lead to a decrease in the level of water treatment. These substances inhibit the survival and reproduction of some types of organisms, and also result in the development of resistance in bacteria. The results of studies on the effect of benzylpenicillin sodium salt on hydrobionts of activated sludge with single and repeated exposure within 72 hours are presented. The general properties of the sludge – color, smell, bulking, sedimentation – were estimated. To study the sludge biocenosis, we used the «crushed drop» method with a magnification of ×1000. While analyzing the microscopic slides, the number of hydrobionts of activated sludge and their general condition were taken into account. The following species were used as indicator organisms: naked amoeba Amoeba, testate Testacea, flagellate Flagellata, rotifers Rotaria, infusoria Vaginicola, Epistylis and Aspidisca, worms Nematodaand Oligоchaeta, tardigrades, filamentous bacteria. The obtained data testified to the satisfactory operation of the activated sludge under the experimental conditions. However, with repeated addition of benzylpenicillin sodium salt, the nitrification processes may deteriorate.

Biological Water Treatment Residuals from Plants Quinoa Processors

This study aimed to carry out a biological treatment of the wastewater of plants that process quinoa and check whether they complied with the current environmental quality standard for the wastewater discharge since this type of water generates highly polluting effluents. For this, an initial characterization of the discarded water was carried out and the following parameters that are not in line with the current regulations for its discharge were determined: oils and fats (9 mg/L), real color (3520 units of Pt/Co), settable solids (13,500 mg / L), total suspended solids (1195 mg/L), total solids (4644 mg/L), total nitrogen (250 mg/L), COD (5000 mg/L), BOD5 (2990 mg/L), surfactants (17.5 mg/L) and fecal coliforms (240 CFU/100 ml). Next, the biodegradability index was calculated with which the possibility of executing the said treatment to the waste water was corroborated; for this, a primary settler, an aeration tank with diffusers as a biological reactor, at the laboratory level, a secondary settler and finally an anthracite and sand filter were used. This way, we were able to obtain treated water that complied with the current legislation for the discharge of effluents to a body of fresh water with a pollutant removal percentage of 97%. In this study, we provide guideline for the recirculation of water in a similar manner for other relevant purposes. Keywords: Chemical engineering, Biological treatment, Quinoa washing, Biodegradability index, Contaminating parameters. Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un tratamiento biológico al agua residual de plantas que procesan quinua y que éstas cumplan con la norma de calidad ambiental vigente para su descarga puesto que este tipo de aguas generan efluentes altamente contaminantes; para ello se ejecutó una caracterización inicial del agua que se desechaba en este tipo de industrias y así se determinó los parámetros que no cumplen con la normativa vigente para su descarga, siendo éstos: aceites y grasas (9 mg/L), color real (3520 Unds de Pt/Co), sólidos sedimentables (13.500 mg/L), sólidos suspendidos totales (1195 mg/L), sólidos totales (4644 mg/L), nitrógeno total (250 mg/L), DQO (5000 mg/L), DBO5 (2990 mg/L), tensoactivos (17,5 mg/L) y coliformes fecales (240 UFC/100 ml); una vez analizados dichos parámetros se procedió a calcular el índice de biodegradabilidad con el cual se corroboró la posibilidad de ejecutar dicho tratamiento al agua residual, para ello se utilizó a nivel de laboratorio un sedimentador primario, un tanque de aireación con difusores como reactor biológico, un sedimentador secundario y por último un filtro de antracita y arena; de esta manera se logró obtener un agua tratada que cumple con la legislación actual para la descarga de efluentes a un cuerpo de agua dulce con un porcentaje de remoción de contaminantes del 97% y dando la pauta para que incluso el agua pueda ser recirculada en el mismo proceso o reutilizada para otro fin pertinente. Palabras Clave: Ingeniería química, tratamiento biológico, lavado de quinua, índice de biodegradabilidad, parámetros contaminantes.

Biological water treatment in a recirculating aquaculture system

Biological water filtration is a process by which toxic compounds are removed from water using organisms. A well-sized biological filter is extremely important as part of a recirculating aquaculture system for fish farming. Biological water filtration equipment in aquaculture recycling systems is a technological set that restores the vital qualities of wastewater from fish ponds, thus allowing its reuse

Degradation of ciprofloxacin by 185/254 nm vacuum ultraviolet: kinetics, mechanism and toxicology

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) are highly resistant to conventional biological water treatment processes, thus, it is desirable to develop novel water treatment methods for eliminating FQs efficiently.

АНАЛІЗ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ РОТОРНИХ АЕРАТОРІВ ПРИ ОЧИЩЕННІ ВОДИ У СИСТЕМАХ З ОБОРОТНИМ ВОДОПОСТАЧАННЯМ

Purpose of the research is to substantiate the feasibility of rotary type aerators usage at biological water treatment plants with recirculation