Hepatoprotective Effect of Mangosteen Peel Extract on Borax-Induced Male Rats

<p>The aim of this study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) on borax-induced male rats. Hepatoprotective effect is represented by the variables of liver weight, SGOT (Serum Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase). The true experimental study used randomized separated pretest-posttest control group design. MPE was made with 50% ethanol and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) stabilizer solutions. Studied groups included three control groups (positive, negative pretest and posttest) and three experimental groups (MPE dose of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg rats body weight (BW)). Samples consisted 36 male rats. The length of intervention was 16 days by providing borax, and then MPE was started on day 3 (in 3 experimental groups). Results showed that up to 16th day the SGOT tended to decrease (α &lt;0.05), while the SGPT levels was stable, and so was the liver weight. Thus, up to day 16 the MPE was generally able to provide hepatoprotective effects mainly based on the variable SGOT in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. It has been proved that liver function of the rats was still relatively normal. This is in relations to the antioxidant potential of the MPE polyphenols.</p>

Hepatoprotective Effect of Mangosteen Peel Extract on Borax-Induced Male Rats

<p>The aim of this study was to determine the hepatoprotective effect of mangosteen peel extract (MPE) on borax-induced male rats. Hepatoprotective effect is represented by the variables of liver weight, SGOT (Serum Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase). The true experimental study used randomized separated pretest-posttest control group design. MPE was made with 50% ethanol and 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) stabilizer solutions. Studied groups included three control groups (positive, negative pretest and posttest) and three experimental groups (MPE dose of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg rats body weight (BW)). Samples consisted 36 male rats. The length of intervention was 16 days by providing borax, and then MPE was started on day 3 (in 3 experimental groups). Results showed that up to 16th day the SGOT tended to decrease (α &lt;0.05), while the SGPT levels was stable, and so was the liver weight. Thus, up to day 16 the MPE was generally able to provide hepatoprotective effects mainly based on the variable SGOT in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg. It has been proved that liver function of the rats was still relatively normal. This is in relations to the antioxidant potential of the MPE polyphenols.</p>

Preliminary Acute Toxicological Analysis and Profiling of a Commercially Available Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Xanthone Capsule

<p>Mangosteen is known for its wide variety of healing properties, but studies on its toxicity remained insufficient. Toxicological profile of commercially available Garcinia mangostana xanthone capsule was evaluated using a true experimental research design. Acute oral toxicity and toxicant category were employed. After the test animal was administered with xanthone capsule, biomarker such as Alanine Transaminase (ALT), Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Serum Creatinine levels were evaluated using the Swiss albino mice. Histopathological (liver and kidney) analyses were conducted and determination of mutagenicity and heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Hg) were also pursued. Results reveal that acute oral toxicity dose had zero deaths from 300, 2000 up to 5000 mg/ kg. This classified in category 5 as nontoxic (OECD 423). ALT/SGPT value of 125.00±21.9317 was higher than the normal (0-41 u/L). BUN (7.75 ± 0.1858) and serum creatinine (93.00±20.0749) exhibited higher than the normal at 1.78-6.07 umol/L and 44 umol/L, respectively. This means the sample may cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Analysis on positive likelihood ratio of 1.333 was higher than the negative ratio of 0.6667 while kidney had 1.333 higher than the negative ratio of 0.6667. No revertant colony was observed using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 compared to the benzene (368 colonies). It was within the allowable limits for lead (0.003 µg/g) and mercury (0.002 µg/g). However, cadmium exceeded the limits of 0.01 having a mean of 0.23 µg/g.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Pharmacology, toxicology, Garcinia mangostana, xanthone, experimental, Davao City, Philippines.</p>

UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus) SEBAGAI HEPATOPROTEKTOR PADA HATI MENCIT GALUR SWISS YANG DIINDUKSI DENGAN CCl4

Liver is an the important organ, it plays an essential role in maintaining the biological equilibrium of vertebrates. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in pathological changes in the liver. The research has been carried out to know the potential use of buah merah (Pandanus conoideus) extract as hepatoprotrctive agent against CCl4 poisoning in mice. In this study, the hepatoprotective activity was determined by the reduction of SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase) and SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) level. Application of buah merah extract significantly (p< 0,05) reduced SGPT and SGOT level. Microscopically, several changes were found, such as severe hydrofic degeneration and necrosis at liver cell that treated by CCl4. Base on histological examination of application of buah merah extract, could inhibit damage and reduced the degeneration and necrosis of liver cell. Keywords: buah merah, SGPT, SGOT, hepatoprotective.

IMMUNOLOGIC EVALUATIONOF ITALIAN HAEMOPHILIACS TREATED WITH COMMERCIAL CONCENTRATES

The presence of the antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated in 487 serum samples withdrawn from 216 haemophiliacs (186 haemophiliacs A and 30 B) who came to the Pisa Centre between 1977 and 1986. Results show that a considerable proportion of haemophiliacs (15%) were already positive in 1982. In haemophiliacs A, who were treated up to 1983 with concentrates made from US plasma, but from 1984 on began to use concentrates made from Italian plasma, this proportion in 1986 was 16%. In haemophiliacs B who have continued using concentrates from US plasma, the prevalcence rate of Anti-HIV was found to be much higher (63%). As regards the contact with the virusof hepatitis B (HBV), antibodies werefound in 64% of haemophiliacs and theviral antigens in 6%. 137 of these haemophiliacs (112 A and 25 B) were examined between 1985 and 1986 for indexof hepatic cytoli-sis, immunological and clinical status. In 65% of haemophiliacs the level of serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was mildly increased, perhaps for the presenceof chronic hepatitis. In Anti-HIV negative subjects we found a decrease of T helper/T suppressor (Th/Ts) ratio, with a mean of 1.3 (in controls, 1.7),due especially to an increase of Ts (mean 0.8 × 103Vcu.mm.; incontrols, mean 0.6). Also in Anti-HIVpositive haemophiliacs there was a decrease ofTh/Ts ratio (mean 1.1), but this was mainly due to a decrease of Th (mean 0.7 × 103/cu.mm.;in controls, mean 1.1). Clinical evaluation of the Anti-HIVpositive subjectsshowed 2 patients with AIDS related illness with opportunistic infections and 13 haemophiliacs (33% of seropositive subjects) withone or more of these abnormalities: thrombocytopenia, lymphoadenopathy, slight persistentfever, diarrhea.