Child Psychiatric Patients Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence and/or Abuse: The Impact of Double Exposure

Children’s exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and child abuse (CA) is strongly related to later psychological problems. Few studies exist on patients in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) who have been singly or doubly exposed to IPV and/or CA. The overall aim of the current study was to compare self-reported psychiatric symptoms, post-trauma impact, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses among CAMHS patients who had been singly or doubly exposed or had reported no family violence (NoFV). We expected to find more severe symptoms in both singly and doubly exposed patients than in the NoFV group and that double exposure was associated with more severe symptoms than single exposure (to IPV or CA). Finally, we expected to find that higher frequencies of exposure to IPV or CA were related to more psychiatric symptoms, greater post-trauma impact, and a higher likelihood of PTSD diagnosis. We compared psychiatric symptoms, post-trauma impact, and PTSD diagnosis in 578 patients aged 9–17 years with NoFV (n = 287), single exposure (n = 162), and double exposure (n = 129). The influence of gender, age, age of onset, frequency, and traumatic interpersonal events outside the family (IPE) were regressed on psychiatric symptoms, post-trauma impact, and PTSD diagnoses. Patients with double exposure had more severe symptoms than the NoFV group, and patients with single exposure had more trauma-related symptoms than the NoFV group. Double exposure was associated with more severe symptoms than single exposure, and frequency (of exposure to IPV and/or CA) and IPE influenced trauma symptoms and psychiatric symptoms, respectively. Exposure to more than one type of violence is associated with more severe symptoms, but other factors such as frequency of violent acts and IPE are important factors to focus on in future studies and clinical assessment.

Identifiksi Trauma Dampak Rob pada Anak di Kabupaten Pekalongan

Abstrak. Bencana selalu menimbulkan reaksi psikososial, bencana alam memiliki dampak yang sangat besar terhadap kesehatan psikologis anak termasuk gejala ketakutan, depresi, kecemasan, menyalahan diri sendiri, rasa bersalah, kehilangan minat di sekolah dan kegiatan lain, regresivitas, konsentrasi buruk dan eterpisahan, kecemasan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan identifiksi trauma dampak rob yang terjadi pada anak. Metode penelitian dengan desain penelitian deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan survey dengan menggunakan kuesioner dalam pengumpulan data. Sampel dalam penelitian ini total sampling dengan jumlah 100 responden anak SD kelas 5 dan 6. Hasil penelitian didapatkan tidak depresi 65% depresi ringan 29% depresi sedang 6%, Kecemassm sedang 93% kecemasan ringan 4%. Tidak cemas 3 %, Tidak Stress 66% , Strss ringan 29% dan stress sedang 5 %. Simpulan masalah kecemasan yang paling banyak dialami oleh anak korban banjir. Perlu ada penelitian lebih lanjut tentang tindakan untuk mengatasi masalah kecemasan pada anak dengan memperhatikan hak-hak anak. Kata kunci: depresi, cemas, strss, anak usia sekolah, dampak rob Identification of Traumatic Flood’s Impact for Children in Pekalongan Regency Abstract. Disasters are always raises psychosocial reactions, and disasters have a very large impact on children's psychological health including symptoms of fear, depression, anxiety, self-blame, guilt, loss of interest in school and other activities, regressiveness, poor concentration and separation, anxiety. The purpose of this study was to identify the trauma impact of tearing that occurs in children. The research method was descriptive research design used a survey approach using a questionnaire in data collection. The sample in this study was total sampling with a total of 100 respondents of elementary school children in grades 5 and 6. The results obtained were not depressed 65%, mild depression 29% and moderate depression 6%. Moderate anxiety 93%, mild anxiety 4% and Normal or No anxiety 3%. No stress 66%, Mild Stress 29% and Moderate Stress 5%. The conclusion that the problem of anxiety is mostly experienced by children who are flood victims. There needs to be further research on measures to overcome anxiety problems in children by paying attention to children's rights. Key words: Depression, anxiety, stress, School age children, the impact of flood.