Rates the Ships Must Pay to Deliver the Oil Sludge as an Incentive to Improve Port Waste Green Logistics

Vessels of the shipping industry produce sludge during the operation of the main engine, various types of auxiliary engines, and the handling of fuel oil on board ships. The sludge can be stored in special tanks and disposed of ashore or burned on board. In the European Union, according to the Port Reception Facilities Directive (EU) 2019/883, ships have to pay a port waste fee for the delivery of ship waste, which is calculated according to the size of the ship. Such an approach does not take into account the capacity of port green waste logistics. In this paper, the case of delivery of ship sludge to ports that are similar in terms of waste logistics capacity is analysed. It is presented as a mathematical game between ships and ports to improve green waste logistics and match the amount of oil sludge that can be discharged from ships to the capacity of ports. The goal of the game is to discourage free-riders, which can occur on both sides, between suppliers and ports. The waste rate can be used as a regulator and incentive that discourages sludge dumping when recycling is not feasible. A model evaluation is proposed using a numerical example.

The Influence Of Construction Materials On Sustainable Constructions: A Study In Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Studies on sustainable construction materials are on the increase with their Social, Environmental and Economic benefits. The research categorizes the key factors for sustainable construction materials. The method used for the study was that of a survey which depends on a questionnaire with five scale of measurements of Likert scale (1 for “Strongly Insignificant” (SI), 2 for “Insignificant” (IS), 3 for “Neutral” (N), 4 for “Significant” (S) and 5 for “Strongly Significant” (SS)) to create data for the analysis. For the purpose of this study, 18 indicators from the different dimensions summarized from the literature were presented to the respondents in the form of questionnaire, and replies were collected and analyzed using Likert scale on Microsoft Excel. The research result identified 18 underlined keyfactor for sustainable construction materials. Such as, Escalation of material prices, Material and equipment cost, Labor cost, Cost of variation orders, Waste rate of materials, Conformance to specification, Availability of personals with high experience and qualification, Quality of equipment and raw materials, Wastes around the site, Climate condition in the site, Human toxicity, Empowerment & participation, Adaptability, Social value, Life span, Initial cost, Job creation, and Tourism. Commonlythe study recommends that emphasis should be given for the identified key factors especially on the top five ranked key factors for Sustainable Construction Materials.

Quantifying Food Loss and Waste in Saudi Arabia

Using the FAO model calculations proposed by Gustavsson et al. (2013) and FAO (2014), food loss and waste (FLW) is measured in Saudi Arabia with a special focus on wheat, rice, dates, poultry, vegetables, fruits, fish, and meat. Results show that the overall FLW rate is 33.1%, where the food loss rate is 14.2%, and the food waste rate is 18.9%. Acceding to the disaggregated results, we find that FLW rates are distributed as follows: 29.7% for wheat, 33.6% for rice, 21.4%, for dates 29.1% for poultry, 39.5% for vegetables, 39.6% for fruits, 33% for fish, and 31.3% for meat. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12.3) target is to reduce the rates of food loss and waste by 50% in 2030, and to help achieve that goal, we employed a nonlinear optimisation simulation model with the objective function of reducing FLW by 50% over the period 2020–2030. Based on the findings achieved, recommendations are made to cover the various aspects of the whole food supply chain (FSC) and to aim at more efficiency and higher levels of productivity. Our findings have significant implications by estimating the FLW baseline indicator and providing the different stakeholders of FSC with the optimal actions to do to reduce FLW rates.

Improving Concrete Waste Rate Generation of Structure Projects in Leading Construction Firm in Indonesia

The Construction and Demolition (C&D) industry is very close to various waste management issues as the generation of waste is inevitable in every construction. In Indonesia, to make an applicable implementation of C&D Waste Management, the improvement must be made by looking into the actual field process. The improvement uses DMAIC as the lean tools and VSM to state the current process of material from its delivery on the site into a waste. Waste that is being monitored is the most used materials in the case study project which are concrete. A notable project was taken for the study as it will help other structure projects to imitate the down-to-earth future state, aiming at the reduction of waste generation rate and also business process improvement. The result shows that the process of concrete from orders to waste took eight steps, and three of them are improved, producing 3% lesser waste from the current state. The best scenario WGR were analyzed to also answer the stakeholder interest within the case study.

Route-Planning Method for Plant Protection Rotor Drones in Convex Polygon Regions

Aiming at the problem of low operating efficiency due to the poor endurance of plant protection rotor drones and the small volume of pesticide carried, this paper proposes a route-planning algorithm for convex polygon regions based on the initial heading angle. First, a series of coordinate conversion methods ranging from the Earth coordinate system to the local plane coordinate system are studied. Second, in the local plane coordinate system, a route generation method based on subregion is proposed; therefore, multiple routes can be generated with different initial heading angles. Lastly, the optimal route and the best initial heading angle can be obtained after the comparison according to the three evaluation criteria: number of turns, route distance, and pesticide waste rate. The simulation results show that, compared with the common grid method, the route generation method based on subregion reduces the route distance and pesticide waste rate by 2.27% and 13.75%, respectively. Furthermore, it also shows that, compared with the route generated by the initial heading angle of 0°, the optimal route reduces the number of turns, route distance, and pesticide waste rate by 60%, 17.65%, and 38.18%, respectively. The route was optimized in three aspects and reached the best overall result using this method, which in turn proved its feasibility.

Community security is the key to sustainable governance: Methods and functions of crime hotspot predictions

Forecasting is becoming increasingly important in corporate sustainability governance, as is government governance, and the prediction of police crime hotspots is related to human rights, so transparency is needed. There are many ways to predict hotspots of criminal activity in urban areas. Experts assume that if many crimes occur somewhere, even more, are likely to happen at subsequent times. Such predictions may rely on a state dependency model such as the Poisson distribution algorithm to formulate re-occurrence, its results can provide a visualized hotspot map with Q-GIS maps. Forecasting sets the threshold for re-occurrence and affects the distribution of the forecast. This paper studies the occurrence of criminal activity in urban areas, refers to the metrics set by the NIJ’s crime prediction contest and focuses on the presentation of the results by accumulating different historical data. It was determined that when the amount of cumulative data is greater, its prediction measures by the prediction accuracy index (PAI) insures that accuracy is improved, but the prediction efficiency index (PEI) that efficiency level is worse. Because threshold setting directly affects the performance of the forecast, it can be used differently. Here sets four different indicators, hit rate, useful rate, waste rate, and missing rate. It was determined that the hit rate, missing rate, the PAI value, and the PEI value are directly proportional to the threshold value, while the trend of useful rate and waste rate are inversely related. Concerned policymakers can set different thresholds dependent up the number and budgetary constraints of police forces, and they can work towards achieving crime prevention in urban hotspots. Importantly, Poisson’s approach can be simply implemented with Excel, be conducive to drive by the office practitioner, and elevate the transparency of crime prediction.

Influence of molding parameters on the properties of molding fuel derived form agroforestry biomass waste by pyrolysis

Biochar is now recognized as an excellent fuel with excellent performance in the combustion process and environmental friendness. As the main raw material of biochar, agricultural, and forestry biomass waste has a high waste rate. Therefore, researchers have conducted long-term research on the technology of generating biochar from agricultural and forestry biomass. Based on the current research and analysis of the existing molding fuel technology, the influence of different research parameters on the preparation of different biomass fuel is explored. The influences of molding temperature, molding pressure, raw material moisture content and the ratio of adhesive to toner on the performance of biomass fuel are focused on analysis. Finally, a conclusion is drawn based on the experimental data.

A Charging Algorithm for the Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network with Imperfect Charging Channel and Finite Energy Storage

Recently, wireless energy transfer technology becomes a popular way to address energy shortage in wireless sensor networks. The capacity of the mobile wireless charging car (WCV) and the wireless channel between the WCV and the sensor are two important factors influencing the energy efficiency of the wireless sensor network, which has not been well considered. In this paper, we study the energy efficiency of a wireless rechargeable sensor network charged by a finite capacity WCV through an imperfect wireless channel. To estimate the energy efficiency, we first propose a new metric named waste rate, which is defined as a function of the charging channel quality. Then, energy efficiency optimization is modeled as minimizing the waste rate. Through optimizing the distance between the WCV and sensor nodes, the set of optimal charging sensor nodes is obtained. By using the Hamiltonian circle, the nearest neighbor algorithm is proposed to find the traveling path of the WCV. Furthermore, to avoid the untimely death of sensor nodes and the coverage hole, an extended node dynamic replacement strategy is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed method can reduce the waste rate and the total charging time; i.e., the sum of traveling time and charging delay can be significantly reduced, which indicates that the proposed algorithm can improve the energy efficiency of the network.