Water susceptibility to weak impressions – the demand for a new methodology in UHD science

UHD phenomena demand a modification of the presently established scientific methodology. This modified methodology concerns a special care that should be taken into account while planning and performing the experiments and also the way the results (be they positive or negative) are interpreted. The proposal of a new methodology is based on theoretical knowledge stemming from experiments in bioelectromagnetics, from a special ordered state of water that is behind the UHD phenomena and the discoveries of water sensitivity to various fields and impressions, since the outcome of UHD experiments can be conditioned even by weather, Moon cycles and solar activity.

Chemical and microbial evaluation of water samples obtained from itinerant water vendors in Idi – Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to investigate the potability of vendor waters mostly used by the urban dwellers in Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria. Sixteen water samples were analyzed, eleven from water vendors and four from source (Pumped Wells). One water sample from Nigerian bottling company was used as a control standard. Chemical analysis of the various water samples showed that they contained little and insignificant amount of toxic metals such as cadmium, nickel, lead and silver. Microbiological studies showed that vendor water was more contaminated than the source water and the contamination involved indicator and pathogenic organisms. All the organisms found in source water and more were found in vendor water. Susceptibility studies showed that of all the antibiotics used, the quinolones (Ofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin) and also aminoglycoside (Gentamycin) were the most effective antibiotics against the isolated microorganisms while Cloxacillin was the least active. The results of this investigation therefore suggests that the use of vendor and source waters in Idi-Araba appear unsafe for human consumption and domestic use. There is therefore the need for government and relevant authorities/organizations to provide potable water, stage awareness campaign and mass education on hygienic principles amongst the inhabitants of Surulere and the water vendors in particular.

Performance characteristics of different mineral filler in asphalt concrete mixtures

With the increase of traffic load in Canada, asphalt mixtures are required to sustain heavier loads and withstand the harsh Canadian winter. This requires careful design and material selection. This study evaluates the performance of different types of mineral filler in asphalt pavements. Five 19mm Superpave mixes were tested with four types of mineral filler namely fly ash (Class C and Class F). Blast Furnace Slag and General Use Portland cement along with a control mix with limestone dust. The results showed that, Class C fly ash generated the most economical mix by reducing 0.3% asphalt content of total mix. The indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ration (TSR) test results were used to evaluate the effects of different fillers for water susceptibility. Both types of fly ashes have excellent results on Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) which increase resistance to water susceptibility. These mixes have a very positive effect on stripping resistance. Improvements in binder properties were shown after short and long term aging which was attributable to the reduction of oxidation and aging effect. Binder with fly ash has the best rutting and fatigue resistance out of all tested binder samples.

Performance characteristics of different mineral filler in asphalt concrete mixtures

With the increase of traffic load in Canada, asphalt mixtures are required to sustain heavier loads and withstand the harsh Canadian winter. This requires careful design and material selection. This study evaluates the performance of different types of mineral filler in asphalt pavements. Five 19mm Superpave mixes were tested with four types of mineral filler namely fly ash (Class C and Class F). Blast Furnace Slag and General Use Portland cement along with a control mix with limestone dust. The results showed that, Class C fly ash generated the most economical mix by reducing 0.3% asphalt content of total mix. The indirect tensile strength (ITS) and tensile strength ration (TSR) test results were used to evaluate the effects of different fillers for water susceptibility. Both types of fly ashes have excellent results on Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) which increase resistance to water susceptibility. These mixes have a very positive effect on stripping resistance. Improvements in binder properties were shown after short and long term aging which was attributable to the reduction of oxidation and aging effect. Binder with fly ash has the best rutting and fatigue resistance out of all tested binder samples.

Alternative Micro-Milled Binders in Cold Recycling Technologies

In addition to bituminous binders (bituminous emulsion, foamed bitumen), hydraulic binders are applied in cold recycling technologies to increase the strength of a final structural layer as well as to increase its resistance to water and frost impacts. This paper deals with the use of energy by-products from fluidized bed coal combustion and mineral waste and their modification into reactive material with the potential of replacing commonly used hydraulic binders. The increase in the reactive potential takes place through a high-speed milling process where the mechanical-chemical activation of the material takes place. This process is associated with the refinement of the material, a higher proportion of micro and nanoparticles, an increased surface area, opening of particles, etc. The material treated exhibits binding properties, and it can be used as an active filler that allows for the partial or complete substitution of hydraulic binders. The experimental part is focused on the application of alternative binders to cold recycling mixtures and their assessment according to valid technical regulations, i.e., an assessment of their indirect tensile strength and water susceptibility as well as compressive strength and resistance to the effects of water and frost.