Studi Literatur Penggunaan Sensor untuk Sistem Deteksi Gempa

As a country located among three major tectonic plate confluences, namely the Eurasian Plate, the Indo-Australian Plate, and the Pacific Plate, Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area. Information about the earthquake occurrences is distributed by the BMKG through social media, websites and television. However, it is undeniable that there are still people who do not have televisions or smartphones. Therefore, earthquake warning systems began to be widely developed. Furthermore, sensors for earthquake vibration detection have an important role in earthquake warning systems. So in this article, the author has conducted a literature study and analysis of the sensors commonly used in earthquake detection systems. This study aimed to present sensor recommendations to be used as earthquake sensors. The result of the literature study, that the author had done, is the selection of sensors is customized to the needs and budget of the project. A description of the sensor recommendations for each project has also been included in this article.

A New Numerical Approach for Solving 1D Fractional Diffusion-Wave Equation

Fractional derivative is nonlocal, which is more suitable to simulate physical phenomena and provides more accurate models of physical systems such as earthquake vibration and polymers. The present study suggested a new numerical approach for the fractional diffusion-wave equation (FDWE). The fractional-order derivative is in the Riemann-Liouville (R-L) sense. Discussed the theoretical analysis of stability, consistency, and convergence. The numerical examples demonstrate that the method is more workable and excellently holds the theoretical analysis, showing the scheme’s feasibility.

Effect of Halabjah Earthquake on Al-Wand Earth Dam: Numerical Analysis

The Halabja earthquake occurred on 12/11/2017 in Iraq, with a magnitude of 7.3 Mw, which happened in the Iraqi-Iranian borders. This earthquake killed and injured many people in the Kurdish region in the north of the country. There is no natural disaster more dangerous than earthquake, especially it occurs without warning, great attention must be paid to the impact of earthquakes on the soil and preparing for a wave of earthquakes. Numerical modeling using specific elements is considered a powerful tool to investigate the required behavior of structures in Geotechnical engineering, and the main objective of this is to assess the response of the Al-Wand dam to the Halabja earthquake, as this dam is located in an area that has been subjected to seismic activity recently. The modeling was done through the Geo-studio program, where the seepage was analyzed during the Al-wand dam using the Seep/w program. It was verified that the dam was safe against seepage failure and then moved to the QUAKE/W (a subprogram of GEOSTUDIO, which is used for liquefaction modeling of earthquakes and dynamic loading and determines the movement and increased pressures of pore water that arise due to earthquake vibration or sudden shock loads). The program was used to analyze the effect of the earthquake on the porewater pressure, effective stresses, and displacements. Also, it is not clear that the significant impact the earthquake has on these values. Finally, the Slope/w program was used to analyze the stability of the dam and to calculate the safety factor of the dam in two ways, and the results of the analysis show that the dam is considered safe under the influence of the tremor.

Study on Application of Vibration Response Control System on a Teaching Hospital Foundation Structure that Subjected to Earthquake Excitation

Strong earthquake affects buildings to response in huge dynamic oscillating motion. In a teaching hospital that full of patients, medical personnel and medical treatment facilities as well as many modern advanced equipment may be in very dangerous situation due to this building response. To reduce the human victims, equipments and infrastructure damages, a kind of base isolation is added to the foundation of the hospital building. Inspite of oscillation motion as a vertical cantilever, this foundation base isolation of the hospital building is applied and designed to give the response of the earthquake vibration waves in lateral motion. To find out the optimum properties of the base isolation, some calculations of the response from vibration parameters are observed. The Keq value is 415,120,000 N/m and the total massive Mass of the hospital is 148,057,364 kg as well as the highest vibration force is 108,136,030.2 N. This study work deals with simplified modelling using FEA in ANSYS software. The aim is to see the simulation based on the calculation of the analysis and whether the response is as expected.

2D numerical simulation of urban dam break and its effect to building using lax scheme with numerical filter

Dam-break is one of the disasters that can occurred due to earthquake. The earthquake vibration may damage the dam construction and therefore causing a dam-break flow. The flow can cause severe destruction to the downstream urban area. Dam-break modeling offers a way to analyze its effect of buildings. In this study, a 2D model for analyzing dam break flow is developed based on the Saint Venant equations and solved using Lax Scheme. The initial condition of the modelling is a rectangular channel with obstacles at both sides of the channel and two similar columns in the middle of the channel. These obstacles are considered as buildings in an urban area. Numerical filter is used to increase the stability of the simulation. The developed model is able to perform well in simulating a case of urban dam-break based on a previous experiment. In addition, the applied numerical filter is able to handle shock, therefore maintaining the stability of the model while reducing the simulation time without the needs to use a higher order numerical scheme.

Analisis Kestabilan Lereng di Bukit Tui Section S0° 28’ 50.23” E100° 24’ 16.89”- S0° 28’ 49.19” E100° 24’ 17.07” Kecamatan Padang Panjang Barat Kota Padang Panjang

Tui Hill is a limestone hill lined south of Padang Panjang, located between Rao-Rao Village to Tanah Hitam. The results of research at Tui Hill at the location S0° 28’ 50.23” E100° 24’ 16.89”- S0° 28’ 49.19” E100° 24’ 17.07” located in Tanah Hitam Village has a covered dolomite rock slope. Based on the Indonesian earthquake zoning map, the city of Padang Panjang is classified as a high earthquake vibration zone, ranging from 0.8-0.9 g. The potential for landslides on the slopes of the study can lead to the closure of the access road to dolomite mining so that it can hamper road user traffic and disrupt mining production as well as potential material losses and fatalities This study aims to determine the Safety Factors on earthquake slope research and recommendations to increase the value of Safety Factors (FK). Based on the results of the analysis by simulating earthquake vibration values the maximum earthquake vibration values that can be held by slopes in a safe condition is 0.2 g or equivalent to 6.4-6.6 on the Richter Scale, namely with FK of 1,281. Then, the author issued for the slope by changing the slope of the slope from 53˚ to 25˚ increases can obtain a slope FK value of 1.438, according to Joseph E. Bowles (1984) the slope is in accordance with the safe conditions.

Analysis of controllers in suppressing the structural building vibration

Two degree of freedom (2 DOF) mass spring damper system is used in representing as building structure that dealing with the earthquake vibration. The real analytical input is used to the system that taken at El Centro earthquake that occurred in May 1940 with magnitude of 7.1 Mw. Two types of controller are presented in controlling the vibration which are fuzzy logic (FL) and sliding mode controller (SMC). The paper was aimed to improve the performance of building structure towards vibration based on proposed controllers. Fuzzy logic and sliding mode controller are widely known with robustness character. The mathematical model of two degree of freedom mass spring damper wasis derived to obtain the relationship between mass, spring, damper, force and actuator. Fuzzy logic and sliding mode controllers were implemented to 2 DOF system to suppress the earthquake vibration of two storeys building. Matlab/Simulink was used in designing the system and controllers to present the result of two storeys displacement time response and input control voltage for uncontrolled and controlled system. Then the data of earthquake disturbance was taken based on real seismic occurred at El Centro to make it as the force disturbance input to the building structure system. The controllers proposed would minimize the vibration that used in sample earthquake disturbance data. The simulation result was carried out by using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation result showed sliding mode controller was better controller than fuzzy logic. In specific, by using the controller, earthquake vibration can be reduced.