Islands and the world from an anthropological perspective

Island studies play an important role in the development of anthropology. It is of academic value and practical significance to understand the island world as the field where multiple modernization forces and globalization interwine. This paper explores the intricate and diverse connections between continental and marine culture from a perspective of “viewing the world through the island”. In terms of overall diversity and exoteric mobility, this paper reviews the various aspects of island studies, examines the internal and external transformation of islands within land-sea interaction, and analyzes the dynamic historical process of the island world’s involvement in the global network, which blends and integrates various cultural elements of the external world. In the context of globalization, the island world is undergoing dramatic changes and in coping with them generating its new features.

THE PARADIGM OF MATN HADITH CRITICISM AND ITS TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN ERA

<p><em>Hadith</em><em>s</em><em> or Prophetic traditions as primary sources after Quran in Islamic teachings are important to examine and criticize in terms of authenticity and contents. This research </em><em>aims at</em><em> discover</em><em>ing</em><em> the paradigm of matn hadith criticism used by hadith scholars by looking at the</em><em>ir</em><em> methodology. It is also an attempt to answer some Orientalist opinions about classical hadith scholars who only </em><em>focus</em><em> on the criticism of sanad and ignore the </em><em>matn </em><em>criticism. Through the inductive method</em><em>,</em><em> it can be said that the paradigm believed by hadith scholars in </em><em>matn </em><em>critique is the law of contradiction where it is impossible for two authentic hadith</em><em>s</em><em> to </em><em>oppose</em><em> each other as well as it is impossible for </em><em>sahih and daif </em><em>hadiths to be </em><em>different</em><em> </em><em>(</em><em>ikhtil</em><em>â</em><em>f</em><em>)</em><em>. Then this research also tries to discover the form of transformation of the matn hadith criticism in the modern era and that Islamic values </em><em>are still very relevant in all places a</em><em>nd times. This research</em><em> also</em><em> shows that there are two forms of transformation</em><em>, n</em><em>amely internal and external transformation, both of which are driven and influenced by the development and progress of the modern era.</em><em></em></p>

Police Reform in a Post-Conflict Context: The Case of Solomon Islands

Police reform in much of the developing world reflects a preoccupation with either shifts away from paramilitaristic policing models or restoration of law and order in post-conflict societies. For many Pacific Island Countries (PICs), dialogue on reform reflects the prioritization of internal organizational restructuring and capacity building, with minimal emphasis on responding to ever-changing stakeholder demands. What is also common is for police reform efforts to closely align with prioritized focal areas of donor countries or powerful neighbours in developed countries with different contextual realities. Here we discuss police reform efforts in a PIC that has been the recipient of a major regional post-conflict state-building intervention and highlight the complexities specific to piecing together the police reform architecture. We also make reference to Solomon Islands to support our argument that problematic police reform can be largely attributed to focal imbalances between internal and external transformation agendas. The article concludes with a summary of the constraints associated with police reform in post-conflict contexts and recommendations for navigating the reform process.

External Transformation Anchors

This chapter analyses the role of the European Union as an external transformation anchor for political and economic transformations. Drawing on Europeanization and international socialization literature, it argues that only conditionality makes it effective (promising or threatening to withdraw membership in the EU); although this does not imply that the wished-for outcome does occur, often compliance is only formal, and social institutions and informal arrangements remain untouched. The chapter analyses the different stages the EU developed in its accession policy, distinguishing the increasing levels of influence and the instruments of its leverage.