The Major Intrinsic Protein Family and Their Function Under Salt-Stress in Peanut

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important oil crop cultivated across the world. Abiotic stresses are the major constraint factors that defect its yield, especially in the rainfed peanut cultivation areas. Aquaporins are proteins that form a large family of more than 30 members in higher plants and play key roles in plant water balance under abiotic stress conditions. To comprehensively understand the functions of aquaporins in peanut, we identified their family genome-wide and characterized the phylogenetics, gene structure, and the conserved motif of the selective filter. In total, 64 aquaporin isoforms were identified, the NIPs were firstly categorized into NIP1s and NIP2s groups based on the phylogenetic analysis and the selective filter structure classification system. Further, we analyzed the gene expression pattern under the salt-stress conditions and found that a TIP3 member is strongly induced by salt stress, which in turn contributed to improved seed germination under salt stress when expressed in Arabidopsis. Our study thus provides comprehensive profiles on the MIP superfamily and their expression and function under salt-stress conditions. We believe that our findings will facilitate the better understanding of the roles of aquaporins in peanuts under salt salt-stress conditions.

Analisis Neraca Air Lahan untuk Tanaman Padi dan Jagung Di Kota Bengkulu

Ketersediaan air tanah yang sebagian besar berasal dari curah hujan merupakan faktor pembatas yang penting bagi peningkatan produksi suatu tanaman. Neraca air merupakan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat ketersediaan air tanah bagi tanaman pada waktu tertentu. Prosedur perhitungan neraca air dibuat berdasarkan sistem tata buku Thorntwaite dan Mather (1957) dengan satuan tinggi air (mm). Analisis ketersediaan air tanah secara grafik disajikan dalam periode bulanan, mulai Januari hingga Desember secara klimatologis. Data yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah data rata-rata jumlah curah hujan bulanan dan suhu rata-rata bulanan tahun 1985-2011 dari Stasiun Klimatologi Pulau Baai Bengkulu yang mewakili daerah penelitian yaitu wilayah Kota Bengkulu dan data tanah Kota Bengkulu. Wilayah Kota Bengkulu memiliki ketersediaan air yang sangat cukup dengan persentase air tersedia setiap bulannya 100%, yang dibuktikan dari hasil perhitungan, oleh karena itu Kota Bengkulu memiliki nilai surplus sepanjang tahun. Pada kondisi jumlah curah hujan bulanan yang cukup tinggi berkisar 179 - 458 mm, suhu yang relatif rendah berkisar 25,9 - 26,9 ˚C, dan lahan dengan nilai surplus yang tinggi seperti ini, di wilayah Kota Bengkulu baik untuk ditanami padi, sedangkan untuk penanaman jagung kurang baik.Kata kunci: neraca air, curah hujan, kesesuaian lahan, suhu udara, klasifikasi oldemanABSTRACTThe availability of groundwater most of which comes from rainfall is an important limiting factor for increasing the production of a plant. Water balance is a method that can be used to see the availability of ground water for plants at a certain time. The water balance calculation procedure is based on the Thorntwaite and Mather book keeping system (1957) with water unit (mm). Analysis of groundwater availability graphically is presented in monthly periods, from January to December climatologically. The data used in this analysis is the average data of the amount of monthly rainfall and the average monthly temperature of 1985-2011 from Bengkulu Island Climatology Station representing the research area of Bengkulu City and Bengkulu City land data. Bengkulu City has a very good water supply with percentage of water available every month 100%, as evidenced from the calculation, therefore Bengkulu City has surplus value throughout years. While conditions of high monthly rainfall is quite high ranging from 179 - 458 mm , Relatively low temperatures ranging from 25.9 - 26.9 ˚C, and land with a high surplus value like this, in the area of Bengkulu City is suitable for planting rice, whereas for the planting of maize is less suitable.Keywords: water balance, rainfall, land suitability, air temperature, oldeman classificationCitation: Paski, J.A.I., Faski, G.I.S.L., Handoyo, M.F. dan Pertiwi, D.A.S. (2017). Analisis Neraca Air Lahan untuk Tanaman Padi dan Jagung di Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2), 83-89, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.83-89

Vulnerability of white spruce tree growth in interior Alaska in response to climate variability: dendrochronological, demographic, and experimental perspectivesThis article is one of a selection of papers from The Dynamics of Change in Alaska’s Boreal Forests: Resilience and Vulnerability in Response to Climate Warming.

This paper integrates dendrochronological, demographic, and experimental perspectives to improve understanding of the response of white spruce ( Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) tree growth to climatic variability in interior Alaska. The dendrochronological analyses indicate that climate warming has led to widespread declines in white spruce growth throughout interior Alaska that have become more prevalent during the 20th century. Similarly, demographic studies show that white spruce tree growth is substantially limited by soil moisture availability in both mid- and late-successional stands. Interannual variability in tree growth among stands within a landscape exhibits greater synchrony than does growth of trees that occupy different landscapes, which agrees with dendrochronological findings that the responses depend on landscape position and prevailing climate. In contrast, the results from 18 years of a summer moisture limitation experiment showed that growth in midsuccessional upland stands was unaffected by moisture limitation and that moisture limitation decreased white spruce growth in floodplain stands where it was expected that growth would be less vulnerable because of tree access to river water. Taken together, the evidence from the different perspectives analyzed in this study clearly indicates that white spruce tree growth in interior Alaska is vulnerable to the effects of warming on plant water balance.