Representation of Gender Stereotyping Resistance Through Instagram Social Media (Critical Discourse Analysis on Instagram @Joviadhiguna)

Androgynous groups are a minority group still considered deviant in Indonesia as a person's gender is identified based on appearance. The study was conducted to see how one androgynous individual, Jovi Adhiguna, represented his resistance to gender stereotypes through his Instagram. This qualitative study applies the critical discourse analysis from S.Jager and F.Maier in analyzing the content on @joviadhiguna Instagram account as the data. This study uses Stuart Hall's representation theory. The results showed that Jovi visualized his androgynous style and expressed a resistance form to gender stereotypes in criticism conveyed through Instagram content.

Representation of Gender Stereotyping Resistance Through Instagram Social Media (Critical Discourse Analysis on Instagram @Joviadhiguna)

Androgynous groups are a minority group still considered deviant in Indonesia as a person's gender is identified based on appearance. The study was conducted to see how one androgynous individual, Jovi Adhiguna, represented his resistance to gender stereotypes through his Instagram. This qualitative study applies the critical discourse analysis from S.Jager and F.Maier in analyzing the content on @joviadhiguna Instagram account as the data. This study uses Stuart Hall's representation theory. The results showed that Jovi visualized his androgynous style and expressed a resistance form to gender stereotypes in criticism conveyed through Instagram content.

ACCEPTANCE TESTS OF THE S-7,2PM4 SEEDER

Материалы статьи посвящены актуальной теме – повышению качества посева семян зерновых культур. В ней отмечено, что известные конструкции лаповых и дисковых сошников имеют значительные тяговое сопротивление, образуют широкую борозду, которую затруднительно заделать, не обеспечивают качественное копирование рельефа поля. Всё это негативно сказывается на равномерности распределения семян зерновых культур, как по длине рядка, так и по глубине заделки. Наиболее перспективным направлением повышения качественных показателей работы посевного агрегата, является оснащение зерновых сеялок комбинированными сошниками. В статье приведено краткое описание и результаты приемочных испытаний зерновой сеялки С-7,2ПМ4 с новыми комбинированными однодисковыми сошниками, разработанными ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ совместно с АО «Радиозавод» г. Пенза. Приемочные испытания проводились ФГБУ «Поволжская государственная зональная машиноиспытательная станция» (г. Кинель Самарской обл.) на полях ООО АПК «Комсомолец» Кинельского района Самарской области в соответствии с ГОСТ 31345-2017 «Техника сельскохозяйственная. Сеялки тракторные. Методы испытаний» [1-6]. При этом была проведена агротехническая, энергетическая, эксплуатационно – технологическая и экономическая оценка сеялки. В ходе приемочных испытаний было установлено, что комбинированные однодисковые сошники с копирующими колесами и сеялка С-7,2ПМ4 в целом надежно выполняет технологический процесс. При рабочей скорости агрегата 7,5-10,0 км/ч количество семян, заделанных на заданную глубину составляет 87,2-89,2 %, тяговое сопротивление находилось в пределах 9,45-9,47 кН, что соответствует тракторам тягового класса 1,4, затраты труда составляют 0,27 чел. ч/га, при этом совокупные затраты денежных средств при стоимости сеялки 1241,67 тыс. руб., составили 885,69 руб./га. The article is devoted to the current issue – improving the quality of planting seeds of grain crops. It is noted that the major designs of shovel and disc coulters have significant traction resistance, form a wide furrow, which is difficult to close, and do not provide high-quality following of the field relief. All this negatively affects the uniformity of the distribution of grain seeds, both along the length of the row and the depth of placement. The most promising direction for improving the quality indicators of the sowing unit is to equip grain planters with combined coulters. The article presents a brief description and results of acceptance tests of the S-7,2PM4 (С-7,2ПМ4) grain planter with new combined single-disc coulters developed by the Penza State Agrarian University in cooperation with JSC (AO) "Radiozavod", Penza. Acceptance tests were conducted by the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Volga MIS" (Kinel, Samara Oblast) in the fields of LLC Agro-Industrial Complex "Komsomolets" Kinelsky district of the Samara Oblast in accordance with GOST 31345-2017 "Agricultural machinery. Tractor seeders. Test methods" [1-6]. At the same time, an agrotechnical, energetic, operational, technological and economic assessment of the seeder was carried out. During acceptance tests, it was found that the combined single-disc coulters with gauge-wheels and the S-7,2PM4 (С-7,2ПМ4) seeder reliably perform the technological process. At the working speed of the unit - 7.5-10.0 km/h, the number of seeds covered at a given depth was 87.2-89.2 %, the traction resistance was within 9.45-9.47 kN. It corresponds to tractors of the traction class 1.4. Labour costs were 0.27 work h/ha, while the total cost of money at the price of the seeder - 1241.67 rubles, amounted to 885.69 rubles/ha.

“MUSIC OF THE SLAVES” IN THE INDIAN OCEAN CREOLE ISLANDS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SEYCHELLES

This article examines the development and expression of the moutya from Seychelles, in relation to the sega from Mauritius and the maloya from Reunion. These musical styles and their associated practices are recognised as evidence of an African heritage in the archipelagos. To better understand their connections and singularities, I utilise a diachronic and synchronic approach, at local and regional levels. The purpose is to demonstrate the mobility of musicians and the permeability of musical practices in these islands over time, using history and narratives from the colonial period (from the end of the seventeenth century) to the present, and fieldwork observations. This approach shows how music and dance elements from Africa are creolised on the islands and how they are further adapted as islanders travel around these islands. In the process one musical practice becomes many, although they fall into a matrix of styles sharing similar features. The article approaches the emergence and the transformation of (what would become) moutya in the Seychelles by first describing the emergence of musical creativity in the Mascarenes and Seychelles. This is followed by a discussion of the transition from a marginal and resistance form of music to new musical categories. Finally, the article describes circulations and musical exchanges between the islands, opening the door to a better understanding of Creole culture and music in the south-western Indian Ocean islands.

The Biology of Leprosy Bacteria and How they are Transmitted to Humans

This chapter considers the nature of the bacterial causes of leprosy, Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis, including research on their genomes. Paucibacillary leprosy is the high-resistance form of leprosy and multibacillary leprosy is the low-resistance form. It is clear that genomic research, including the documentation of different strains of the bacterium and identifying susceptibility and resistance genes, is providing knowledge that is helping to track transmission and identify areas within regions of countries that remain challenges for management. While it is concluded that leprosy is transmitted through the exhalation and then inhalation of bacteria-laden droplets (droplet infection), other reported mechanisms have been discussed, and there are environmental sources of the bacteria. Leprosy in children is rare, and males are affected more than females. The wide range of intrinsic (e.g., age, sex) and extrinsic (e.g., diet, living conditions) factors that make people more or less susceptible to leprosy provide a complex picture to manage when thinking about why any particular person contracts the infection. The wild nine-banded armadillo and the red squirrel natural endemic hosts for M. leprae, but while non-human primates may be affected there is no evidence of them being infected in the wild.

RESISTANCE TO CHANGE : PENOLAKAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA (PILKADES) BERBASIS ELECTRONIC-VOTING DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN PROVINSI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

This research is a study of policy implementation that focuses on resistance to the changes in pattern of village heads general election (pilkades) policy form the conventional to the electronic way (e-voting). The study began with a demonstration against this policy conducted by a number of village heads in Sleman Regency. The e-voting system in the pilkades is not a new thing in the history of democracy in Indonesia. Some districts such as Jembrana, Boyolali, Pemalang, Musi Rawas and other regions have implemente this new pattern of elections without any significant problems especially in the form of resistance form the communit. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, by describing what is expressed by the informant of a phenomenon that occurs in the midst of the community in addressing such technology adoption (e-voting). Based on the results of this study found two categories of reasons for resistantion, namely : objective reasons and subjective reasons, including: (1) Objective Reasons: Not Easy, Economic Threats, Damaging Regulatory Values, and Fear of Loss of Status and POwer. (2) Subjective Reasons: Fear of Failure, Damaging Cultural Values, and Low Trust. Those reasons are in harmony with the nine causes of resistance to change as stated by Gary A. Yukl in his book entitled “Leadership in Organization” (2010). he nine reasons for the emergence of resistance are mady by the author as a theoritical basis in studying the resistance factor of the e-voting election policy. Keywords : resistance, e-voting, pilkades, change, policy

“Aesopian language” in the communist regime: a scientific article by the Bulgarian scientist Nikola Mavrodinov

The resistance in intellectual milieu of countries with totalitarian regimes had different forms. The “Aesopian language” was another resistance form. In Bulgarian archeologist, professor Nikola Mavrodinov’s article “Excavations and researches in Bulgaria in recent years”, published in the scientific journal “Soviet archeology”, in 1955, there was a noticeable contrast to that landscape of “underdeveloped archeology of bourgeois Bulgaria” depicted by him in the beginning of his article with presented facts by him. N.Mavrodinov’s article was an evident example of scientist’s “Aesopian language”, whose country was occupied and the regime established by the metropolis country demanded of the scientist to downgrade all achievements, made prior to occupation. Using, namely, this “Aesopian language”, the scientist showed that, at least, not everything was negative in the past or generally, one shouldn’t see the past in negative.

Interactions of Tea-Derived Catechin Gallates with Bacterial Pathogens

Green tea-derived galloylated catechins have weak direct antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens and are able to phenotypically transform, at moderate concentrations, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal pathogens from full β-lactam resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration 256–512 mg/L) to complete susceptibility (~1 mg/L). Reversible conversion to susceptibility follows intercalation of these compounds into the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, eliciting dispersal of the proteins associated with continued cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics. The molecules penetrate deep within the hydrophobic core of the lipid palisade to force a reconfiguration of cytoplasmic membrane architecture. The catechin gallate-induced staphylococcal phenotype is complex, reflecting perturbation of an essential bacterial organelle, and includes prevention and inhibition of biofilm formation, disruption of secretion of virulence-related proteins, dissipation of halotolerance, cell wall thickening and cell aggregation and poor separation of daughter cells during cell division. These features are associated with the reduction of capacity of potential pathogens to cause lethal, difficult-to-treat infections and could, in combination with β-lactam agents that have lost therapeutic efficacy due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, form the basis of a new approach to the treatment of staphylococcal infections.

PRESERVING PEGON: A CASE STUDY ON KAMPUNG SANTRI TARJUMAH IN TAMBANGSARI, PATI REGENCY-CENTRAL JAVA

The manuscript is written to portray a hamlet which formed pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) in which the santri (students) consists of santri mukim (students staying in boarding school) from various regions and santri kalong (local residents) and in which there is a mosque, a boarding school, an Al-Quran educational park, a madrasah diniyah, houses of clerics (in one settlement of village), the learning system of bandongan using the Tarjumah Book with Pegon-language written by KH Ahmad Rifa'i. The action of K. Rifai against Dutch colonialism was known as the Rifaiyah movement, his resistance with the movement of writing the Book of Tarjumah which contained Tawheed, Fiqh, and Sufism written in Pegon. Pegon was a resistance form against colonial Latin writing. Until now it was continued by his santri in the village where he lived serving as the cleric of Islamic Boarding School. The location of this research is in Tambangsari Hamlet, Kedungwinong Village, Sukolilo District, Pati Regency, Central Java. The data were obtained from January to June 2019 through interviews and observation with a descriptive qualitative approach. This hamlet of rice plantation and palawija (secondary crops) has formed a specialty called the tarjumah santri village. The successor generation of K. Rifai’s student who introduced the Book of Tarjumah in Tambangsari Hamlet was K.Hannan and it is now continued by his grandson. The learning of the Tarjumah Book had formed a distinctive hamlet community, namely dukuh santri. The obedience in worship with the knowledge of Islamic religion through the tradition of learning the Salaf Tarjumah across ages and genders and with the behavior in life adhering to Islamic law has been a social reality.

Bacterial Enzymes and Antibiotic Resistance

The resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics has been developing for more than 2 billion years and is widely distributed among various representatives of the microbiological world. Bacterial enzymes play a key role in the emergence of resistance. Classification of these enzymes is based on their participation in various biochemical mechanisms: modification of the enzymes that act as antibiotic targets, enzymatic modification of intracellular targets, enzymatic transformation of antibiotics, and the implementation of cellular metabolism reactions. The main mechanisms of resistance development are associated with the evolution of superfamilies of bacterial enzymes due to the variability of the genes encoding them. The collection of all antibiotic resistance genes is known as the resistome. Tens of thousands of enzymes and their mutants that implement various mechanisms of resistance form a new community that is called the enzystome. Analysis of the structure and functional characteristics of enzymes, which are the targets for different classes of antibiotics, will allow us to develop new strategies for overcoming the resistance.