On Essential Fixed Points of Compact Mappings on Arbitrary Absolute Neighborhood Retracts and Their Application to Multivalued Fractals

The existence of essential fixed points is proved for compact self-maps of arbitrary absolute neighborhood retracts, provided the generalized Lefschetz number is nontrivial and the topological dimension of a fixed point set is equal to zero. Furthermore, continuous self-maps of some special compact absolute neighborhood retracts, whose Lefschetz number is nontrivial, are shown to possess pseudo-essential fixed points even without the zero dimensionality assumption. Both results are applied to the existence of essential and pseudo-essential multivalued fractals. An illustrative example of this application is supplied.

Fixed Point Principles for Cones of a Linear Normed Space

In [8] and [9], Krasnosel'skiĭ proved several fundamental fixed point principles for operators leaving invariant a cone in a Banach space. In [11], Nussbaum extended one of the results, the theorem about compression and expansion of a cone, to condensing maps and he applied this theorem to prove the existence of periodic solutions of nonlinear autonomous functional differential equations.Nussbaum's proof makes an essential use of the difficult Zabreiko and Krasnosel'skiĭ, and Steinlein (mod p)-theorem for the fixed point index [13 -16]. In [6], Fournier and Peitgen proved two different versions of this theorem for completely continuous maps each one being sufficient for Nussbaum's applications. The proofs of these two theorems are much less involved and, although they are different, they make use of the same easier generalized Lefschetz number calculations (see [12] for (mod p) and [5] for compact attractor).