Validity of the Favero Assioma Duo Power Pedal System for Measuring Power Output and Cadence

Cycling power meters enable monitoring external loads and performance changes. We aimed to determine the concurrent validity of the novel Favero Assioma Duo (FAD) pedal power meter compared with the crank-based SRM system (considered as gold standard). Thirty-three well-trained male cyclists were assessed at different power output (PO) levels (100–500 W and all-out 15-s sprints), pedaling cadences (75–100 rpm) and cycling positions (seating and standing) to compare the FAD device vs. SRM. No significant differences were found between devices for cadence nor for PO during all-out efforts (p > 0.05), although significant but small differences were found for efforts at lower PO values (p < 0.05 for 100–500 W, mean bias 3–8 W). A strong agreement was observed between both devices for mean cadence (ICC > 0.87) and PO values (ICC > 0.81) recorded in essentially all conditions and for peak cadence (ICC > 0.98) and peak PO (ICC > 0.99) during all-out efforts. The coefficient of variation for PO values was consistently lower than 3%. In conclusion, the FAD pedal-based power meter can be considered an overall valid system to record PO and cadence during cycling, although it might present a small bias compared with power meters placed on other locations such as SRM.

MFO-ANN based FOPID Controller for Torque and Speed Control of SRM Drive System

This paper proposed an optimal control algorithm based Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller for the torque ripple minimization of Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) drive system. That convalesce both control loop task, the Moth Flame Optimization (MFO)- Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm is insinuated. The routine of intelligent technique is principally as the objective function of system error minimization. At this time the quality inspired algorithm of MFO is firstly reconnoitered to optimize the speed and torque error from the SRM system. Instead the output of MFO algorithm is optimized and to finding the premium value, the ANN method is recuperated. Nonetheless, the output of MFO-ANN is imperiled to the input of FOPID controller. For tweaking the exact FOPID gains, the multi objective functions are grew. Created on the operation of propositioned algorithm by normalize the system speed and minimalize the torque ripples of SRM system. The qualities of the suggested procedure are force falconer and in addition to augmented level of the reliability and flexibility in answering the system error. Also the enactment of proposed MFO-ANN process is executed in the MATLAB/Simulink running platform.

LEGAL STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS AS SUBJECTS OF SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

Introduction: the article analyzes current legislation of Russia and some foreign countries as well as the views of Russian and foreign scholars on the legal status of individuals as subjects of the social security legal relations in the context of the social risk management (SRM) conceptual framework. Purpose and objectives: based on the modern ideas of social risks, to study the status of individuals as actors within the SRM system having specific rights and responsibilities. Methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and legal information, historical and comparative methods. Results: today social security is considered a vital part of the SRM system. Having analyzed the specific features and dynamics of social risks, the authors conclude that to some considerable degree these risks are subjective in nature, which should determine a more active role of individuals. The article analyzes not only the legal personality of individuals in the social security legal relations but also – in a broader context – their agency in the SRM system. The authors provide examples of legislative regulation in some foreign countries: the French Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the United States of America. Different models of the individuals’ participation in the SRM system are presented. Based on the extent of different SRM subjects’ involvement and the distribution of the responsibility for the protection against social risks among them, the authors identify paternalistic, market-based (liberal), mixed (complex), and transitional models. Based on the extent of the individual’s interest in the protection against social risks and their readiness for taking actions in this sphere, the authors distinguish active and passive SRM models (with the latter one including indifferent and parasitical models). Conclusions: the paper offers a new approach to the understanding of social risks and protection against these (including through social security), and also to the role of individuals as subjects of social risk management.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Converter Topology for Photovoltaic Pumps Based on Switched Reluctance Motor

In order to improve the performance of switched reluctance motor (SRM) systems for photovoltaic (PV) pumps, this paper introduces a new converter topology for SRM with controllable multiple power sources. Only simple switching components need to be added at the front end of the asymmetric half-bridge converter in this topology, which enables the control of multiple power sources. The new PV pump system has four operating modes, which are the PV panel driven mode, battery bank driven mode, dual-source driven mode, and battery charging mode. By adjusting the state of the front-end converter switch, the voltage tracking of PV panel can be achieved, providing a stable bus voltage for the SRM system. By controlling the battery bypass switch, the bus voltage of SRM system can be increased, thereby increasing the system power level. Simulations and experiments based on a four-phase 8/6 SRM demonstrate the effect of the novel converter proposed in this paper.

Validity and Reliability of the Cycleops Hammer Cycle Ergometer

Purpose: To validate the new drive indoor trainer Hammer designed by Cycleops®. Methods: A total of 11 cyclists performed 44 randomized and counterbalanced graded exercise tests (100–500 W) at 70-, 85-, and 100-rpm cadences in seated and standing positions on 3 different Hammer units, while a scientific SRM system continuously recorded cadence and power output data. Results: No significant differences were detected between the 3 Hammer devices and the SRM for any workload, cadence, or pedaling condition (P value between 1.00 and .350), except for some minor differences (P = .03 and .04) found in the Hammer 1 at low workloads and for Hammer 2 and 3 at high workloads, all in seated position. Strong intraclass correlation coefficients were found between the power output values recorded by the Hammers and the SRM (≥.996; P = .001), independently from the cadence condition and seated position. Bland–Altman analysis revealed low bias (−5.5 to 3.8) and low SD of bias (2.5–5.3) for all testing conditions, except marginal values found for the Hammer 1 at high cadences and seated position (9.6 [6.6]). High absolute reliability values were detected for the 3 Hammers (150–500 W; coefficient of variation <1.2%; SEM <2.1). Conclusions: This new Cycleops trainer is a valid and reliable device to drive and measure power output in cyclists, providing an alternative to larger and more expensive laboratory ergometers and allowing cyclists to use their own bicycles.

Pengembangan Sistem Student Relationship Management (SRM) dan Penerapannya pada Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia (Studi Kasus MTI UGM Yogyakarta)

Keterangan:Artikel ini merupakan versi postprint. Artikel ini sudah dipublikasi pada: Jurnal INFOTEKMESIN Politeknik Cilacap Vol 1, No 1 (2010).Abstract: Currently, application of Information Technology in higher education in Indonesia is more directed and focused on administrative and management areas only. This condition resulted in no system which aims to monitor in detail the process of student's academic activities in the class available. On the other hand, through a process of observation toward student's academic activities, the university can obtain knowledge that can be used to support and improve the performance of student's academic activities. Based on these issues, there is a concept called the SRM (Student Relationship Management). The SRM system was inspired by CRM (Customer Relationship Management), which handles and manages the relationship between university and students to gain knowledge that is useful to both parties, especially for students. Furthermore, this knowledge can be used to support and improving students' academic performance. SRM applications which were developed in this study based upon the technological infrastructure that traditionally supports the Business Intelligence. The data that used in this research came from data of MTI UGM student's academic activities. This information will be stored in a dimensional database which will be analyzed by using fuzzy classification method for identifying patterns of academic activities that occurred. The result of process analysis will be used by the college to determine the appropriate action for students and to improve the performance of academic activities of the students'.

Validity, Sensitivity, Reproducibility, and Robustness of the PowerTap, Stages, and Garmin Vector Power Meters in Comparison With the SRM Device

A large number of power meters have been produced on the market for nearly 20 y according to user requirements.Purpose:To determine the validity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and robustness of the PowerTap (PWT), Stages (STG), and Garmin Vector (VCT) power meters in comparison with the SRM device.Methods:A national-level male competitive cyclist completed 3 laboratory cycling tests: a submaximal incremental test, a submaximal 30-min continuous test, and a sprint test. Two additional tests were performed, the first on vibration exposures in the laboratory and the second in the field.Results:The VCT provided a significantly lower 5-s power output (PO) during the sprint test with a low gear ratio than the SRM did (–36.9%). The STG PO was significantly lower than the SRM PO in the heavy-exercise-intensity zone (zone 2, –5.1%) and the low part of the severe-intensity zone (zone 3, –4.9%). The VCT PO was significantly lower than the SRM PO only in zone 2 (–4.5%). The STG PO was significantly lower in standing position than in the seated position (–4.4%). The reproducibility of the PWT, STG, and VCT was similar to that of the SRM system. The STG and VCT PO were significantly decreased from a vibration frequency of 48 Hz and 52 Hz, respectively.Conclusions:The PWT, STG, and VCT systems appear to be reproducible, but the validity, sensitivity, and robustness of the STG and VCT systems should be treated with some caution according to the conditions of measurement.