Economical important phytopathogenic diseases in Vanilla planifolia: A review paper.

The vanilla orchid is one of the high value and most favorite culinary crops in the world. The aroma or flavor of vanillin make the plant as an important economic crop in the food and beverage industry. Nevertheless, the production of vanilla is hindering by two main factors which are the propagation and diseases. Devastating disease has cause losses in bean production as it can infect the vines at any times and at all stages of the plant growth. As a result, it is cause the losses of quality and quantity of pod production. Some of important diseases associated with fungal and viral on vanilla such as Fusarium root and stem rot, anthracnose, black rot, sclerotium rot, rust, mosaic and stem necrosis are discussed in this review paper.

First Report of Fruit Rot of Ridge Gourd (Luffa acutangula) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii

Ridge gourd is a specialty cucurbit vegetable cultivated in the United States on a small scale for select markets. We report the infection of ridge gourd fruit by Sclerotium rolfsii (teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii). This appears to be the first report of Sclerotium rot of ridge gourd. In fields with history of S. rolfsii, the gourds should be grown on trellis to prevent fruit contact with wet soil. Several fungicides are available to manage S. rolfsii and may have to be applied if and when needed. Accepted for publication 12 January 2016. Published 14 January 2016.