A Nanocrystals-Based Topical Drug Delivery System with Improved Dermal Penetration and Enhanced Treatment of Skin Diseases

Topical drug delivery methods are important in the treatment of skin diseases. Drug nanocrystals, which are nanometersized particles of active pharmaceutical ingredients, offer efficient topical delivery with high stability, high drug loading capacity, steady dissolution, and sustained drug release profiles. The use of nanocrystals for the topical delivery of skin disease therapies is currently being evaluated; this review focuses on how nanocrystals facilitate active pharmaceutical ingredient transport across skin barriers, exploring the underlying transportation mechanisms of the nanocrystals and active pharmaceutical ingredient molecules to the dermal and epidermal skin cells. In topical delivery, previous skin treatments, choice of excipients and vehicles, and penetration enhancement strategies critically influence the topical delivery of drug nanocrystals. Various research and applications of drug nanocrystals in skin disease therapy are highlighted in this review, and intellectual property protection for drug nanocrystal formulations, clinical trial data, and products with commercial potential are also discussed.

Nano-sizing Crystals: An Exquisite Way of Drug Conveyance

Extensive attempts have been made to decipher the problem associated with the solubility of drugs for maximizing bioavailability at targeted sites. More than 40% NCEs (new chemical entities) emerged through modern technology like high throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, computer-aided drug design etc. and the drug discovery process has been dramatically accelerated. Fabrication of materials into the nanodimension changes their physical properties which depicts a vivid shift from lab scale optimization studies to scale up focused studies. In addition, this comprehensive review covers physics behind the drug nanocrystals and their properties, different technologies and methods of drug nanocrystal preparation and its stabilization along with theapplication of nanocrystals. This review also covers factors affecting nanoformulations, post-production processing and future prospects.

Nanocrystals as Effective Delivery Systems of Poorly Water-soluble Natural Molecules

: Natural products are an important source of therapeutically effective compounds throughout the world. Since ancient times, a huge amount of both plant extracts and isolated compounds have been largely employed in treatment and prevention of human disorders and, currently, more than 60% of the world’s population trusts on plant medicaments as demonstrated by the increasing quantity of herbal therapeutics in the market. : Unfortunately, several promising natural molecules for the treatment of the most diverse ailments are characterized by extremely unfavourable features, such as low water solubility and poor/irregular bioavailability, which hinder their clinical use. To overcome these limitations and to make herbal therapy more effective, different formulative approaches have been employed. : Among the different strategies for increasing drug solubility, nanocrystals can be considered one of the most interesting and successful approaches. Drug nanocrystals are nanosized drug particles usually formulated as nanosuspensions, namely submicron dispersions in liquid media where surfactants, polymers, or a mixture of both act as stabilisers. : In this review, we described the most significant results and progresses concerning drug nanocrystal formulations for the delivery of natural compounds with a significant pharmacological activity. The text is organized in nine sections, each focusing on a specific poorly water- soluble natural compound (apigenin, quercetin, rutin, curcumin, baicalin and baicalein, hesperetin and hesperidin, resveratrol, lutein, silybin). : To foster the clinical translation of these natural nanomedicines, our opinion is that future research should pair the essential pharmacokinetic studies with carefully designed pre-clinical experiments, able to prove the formulation efficacy in relevant animal models in vivo.

Soft Biomaterial-based Nanocrystal in Pharmaceutical

Background and Objective: Bio-soft material, a class of derivatives of the natural or synthetic material, is getting more and more prevalent in biomedical researches and applications due to the advantages such as in-vivo biodegradation, good water solubility and designable targeting ability. With the presence of bio-soft materials, the drug nanocrystal can be easily generated and aggregated in a feasible process. Given the promising application of the bio-soft material in biological and chemical research, it is valuable to discuss the crucial step in designing bio-soft materials and analyze the emerging properties of bio-soft materials. Methods: A comprehensive literature survey in the field of bio-soft material development and analysis has been conducted. The collected data and figures were meticulously analyzed and interpreted. Results: In this review, the details of bio-soft materials based nanocrystal were demonstrated in three sections with respect to different materials. In each section, the pros and cons for each bio-soft material and its derivatives were elaborately listed and discussed. Conclusion: The review enables an insightful discussion about the properties and the applications of existing biosoft material. It may contribute to the further researches about bio-soft material development and analysis.