Small-Scaled Production of Blue Hydrogen with Reduced Carbon Footprint

This article reviews a method of hydrogen production based on partial non-catalytic oxidation of natural gas in an original synthesis gas generator. The working principles of the unit are similar to those of liquid-propellant rocket engines. This paper presents a description of the operation and technical characteristics of the synthesis gas generator. Its application in the creation of small-scaled plants with a capacity of up to 5–7 thousand m3/h of hydrogen is justified. Hydrogen production in the developed installation requires a two-stage method and includes a technological unit for producing a hydrogen-containing gas. Typical balance compositions of hydrogen-containing gas at the synthesis gas generator’s outlet are given. To increase the hydrogen concentration, it is proposed to carry out a two-stage steam catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide contained in the hydrogen-containing gas at the synthesis gas generator’s outlet using a single Cu–Zn–cement-containing composition. Based on thermodynamic calculations, quasi-optimal modes of natural gas partial oxidation with oxygen are formulated and the results of material balance calculation for the installation are presented. In order to produce “blue” hydrogen, the scheme of carbon dioxide separation and liquefaction is developed. The conclusion section of the paper contains the test results of a pilot demonstration unit and the recommendations for improving the technology and preventing soot formation.

Optimizing and accelerating history matching progress of numerical reservoir simulation by using material balance analysis

In view of the problem of huge computations and multiple solutions, a method for optimizing and accelerating the progress of history matching by using material balance analysis was established. Based on simple measuring data, such as average pressure, daily production rate and PVT test, a material balance model can be constructed for a three phase system of hydrocarbon reservoir. According to the material balance calculation, original oil in place and aquifer parameters can be obtained as optimized parameters for numerical simulation, which contributes to solve the multi-solutions problem of history matching. Besides, by conducting uncertainty analysis using Monte-Carlo simulation method, one can determine the adjustment range of input parameters, which helps the engineer definite a clear direction, reduce the number of computations and consequently accelerate the progress of history matching. The reliability of the proposed method was verified according to two examples.

Identifikasi Limbah pada Proses Produksi Obat Nyamuk Bakar dengan Menggunakan Material Balance

Based on the initial discussion with people form Mosquito coil factory, there is a requirement to calculate the amount of waste from the factory. According to them, several wastes (in the form of liquid and solid waste) are produced in the process of making mosquito coils. The wastes are often scattered on the floor, causing the condition of the factory space to be unclean or dirty and can cause employees to get sick due to waste scattered on the floor. This research focuses on identifying the waste and to calculate the waste produced by each machine for the production of mosquito coils by using the Material Balance method. Material balance shows a quantitative analysis of material inputs, outputs and wastes / waste at each stage of the production process. Material balance calculation is done in the process of Sifting Coconut Shell Flour, Sifting Process for Coffee Skin Flour, Process for Sifting Wood Flour, Sifting Flour Sifting Process, Onggok Flour Cooking Process, Mixing Material into Mosquito Coe Dough, Mosquito Dough Sifting Process, Forming Process of Paste Paste Plate , The Process of Printing Paste Slabs Into Wet Double Coil, Drying Double Wet Coil Process, Drying and Separation Process of Baking Sheet with Dry Double Coil, Grinding Process of Broken Dry Double Coil, Process of Sifting Sweep Flour Falling on the Floor. Based on the observation, some of the waste obtained from each stage of the production process can be collected again and can be used again as a raw material for making mosquito coils.

Influence of Gas-Gas Heater on Wet Flue Gas Desulfuration

Material balance calculation was adopted to a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system for exploring impacts of gas-gas heater (GGH). Effects of GGH on flue and water consumption were analyzed. Results showed that inlet flue temperature of desulfurization tower reduced by 3.4 °C at 100% load after installation of GGH. Exhausted gas temperature of system increased by 34.9°C. The heat release of original flue in desulfurization tower reduced by 43.72%. Plume rise height was significantly improved. Water evaporation in desulfurization tower declined by 42.07%.Amount of addendum water reduced by 39.06%, and water vapor carried by flue decreased by 19.78% at the outlet of WFGD. Therefore, operation condition of flue emission is improved and water consumption decreases with GGH.