A Research on Polyamide6.6/Polyurethane Blends in Finishing Process Which Are Used for Sportswear

In this work, softeners obtained from various companies were applied to the polyamide6.6/polyurethane fabrics which are used in sportswear industry using impregnation and exhaustion methods; water vapor permeability were determined for humidity control, air permeability and capillarity tests of these fabrics were studied. In addition, the wool hydrolysate obtained from the waste wool was also applied to these fabrics by using exhaustion method and the fabric properties were compared. In order to investigate the washing resistance of the process, experiments were performed with 1% and 3% potassium aluminum sulfate KAl(SO₄)2 and aluminum sulfate Al2(SO4) under the same conditions. The chemical and morphological surface properties of the fabrics were examined by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was observed that the capillarity, water vapor and air permeability, and handle values of fabrics treated with wool hydrolysate were better and more resistant to consecutive washings than the fabrics treated with commercial recipes. Furthermore, this process did not have a side effect on the color difference and whiteness values of the fabrics treated with wool hydrolysate. Thus, an example of sustainable, economical and environmental study was done.

The Effect of Different Frying Methods and the Addition of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate on Sensory Properties, Acrylamide, and Oil Content of Fried Bread (Youtiao)

This study aims to compare traditional, vacuum, and electrostatic frying methods on the mitigation of acrylamide formation, and oil content with and without potassium aluminum sulfate in youtiao. The results obtained showed that the addition of potassium aluminum sulfate decreased pH and 79.88% acrylamide content in youtiao with traditional frying. Electrostatic frying and vacuum frying methods do not reduce acrylamide content and oil content of youtiao when compared to the traditional deep-frying method in this research. The present study indicated that the pH of youtiao with vacuum frying method increased from 5.87 to 6.49 without potassium aluminum sulfate addition. Youtiao with potassium aluminum sulfate fried by traditional deep-frying had higher flavor and appearance score and lower oil content than the electrostatic frying method. The results of this research could be a consideration for alternative slow acting aluminum acidulants, reducing oil adsorbing frying methods in future work.

Extensive efficacy tests of non-antibiotic fire blight control agents

Application of control agents to prevent new infections is an integral part of disease management for fire blight on pome trees caused by Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al.. Due to resistance development and human health concerns when using antibiotics, non-antibiotic control agents with high efficacy are urgently needed. In this study extensive efficacy tests with some classical antibiotic and relatively new non-antibiotic control agents for the prevention of bloom and shoot blight as well as phytotoxicity tests based on fruit russeting were carried out using young apple trees. Furthermore an experimental design for testing control agents preventing fire blight following hail injury was developed. The high efficacy of streptomycin (> 90%) and streptomycin containing spray strategies (> 80%) was confirmed. Non-antibiotic agents with high efficacy are LMA (85%), a potassium aluminum sulfate, and Juglon (80%). LMA is already in use in practice in Austria and Germany with a temporal and restricted permission and the administrative process to gain the legal status of a pesticide is ongoing whilst already admitted in Switzerland. Juglon, an organic compound from walnut, did show a high efficacy, but no consistent results (80.0 and 69.5%). Myco-Sin showed good results to prevent infection after artificial hail simulation. Antinfek showed high efficacy (90%) in preventing bloom blight, but could be tested only once so further research is needed to confirm this result. The design of the presented study enabled an extensive evaluation of the potential control agents and the aggregation and comparison of results and can be advised for other evaluations.

A STUDY OF SUSTAINABLE COLORATION OF LYOCELL FABRICS USING EXTRACTS OF TROPICAL ONION SKINS

Lyocell is considered as a new fiber that represents a milestone in the development of environmentally sustainable textiles. Lyocell is spun from wood pulp cellulose via a green chemical process with NMMO (N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide) solvent. Following the concept of lower the environmental impact of fashion clothing, this study aims to determine the suitable natural dyes recipes with the color extracting from tropical onion skins. Colorants were extracted by dissolving crushed dried onion skins with boiled in water at 100ºC for 20-25 minutes. The ratio of extracting and dyeing are 1:25 and 1:30 respectively. The optimal dyeing condition was found out at 80ºC, 45 minutes with 75% v/v. In addition, a variety of the most commonly used mordants including Potassium aluminum sulfate, Copper (II) sulphate and Iron (II) sulphate were used for mordanting in order to compare the differently mordanted and unmordanted dyed fabrics via color strength (K/S) and CIE L*a*b* color values. It was found that mordant type had an effect on color strength and the color coordinates of fabric dyed with onion skin, which can supply variety of color choices for the same colorants.

Efficacy of Potassium Aluminum Sulfate (KALSO4)2 and Povidone Iodine (C6H9I2NO) as Crede’s Prophylaxis against Ophthalmia Neonatorum

Neonatal conjunctivitis is a worldwide problem. Although global incidence is not known, incidents of 1-24% have been reported from various regions of the world especially those practicing home delivery without standard prophylaxis. This study was an in-vitro investigation on possible prophylaxis for ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) like potassium aluminum sulfate (KAlSO4)2 and povidone iodine (C6H9I2NO) in comparison to tetracycline. A five by three (5x3) factorial experiment in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study. Factor A was the five-test bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. while Factor B was the experimental variables or the substances to be tested such as alum, povidone iodine and tetracycline. Aluminum was diluted and subjected to purity test prior to bacteria assay. The zone of inhibition was measured using a caliper and results were recorded. Based on the in-vitro analysis, aluminum showed a positive response to the five tested bacteria as it yielded a comparative mean results of growth inhibition. Among the possible applications of the findings in the study could be the formulation of antiseptic eye drops with the use of alum or Povidone iodine to be used as prophylaxis to guard against neonatal conjunctivitis.