Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon: a case report and literature review

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the colon is extremely rare. The etiology is poorly understood, and currently, there are different hypotheses about the origin of this malignant neoplasm. Here, we r 87-year-old male with a moderately-differentiated nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the colon.

Schneiderian Carcinoma

Latar Belakang: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) adalah keganasan paling umum dari kepala dan leher (sekitar 3%), tetapi hanya <1% dari seluruh jenis keganasan (insidensi jarang), yang dibagi menjadi jenis keratinizing dan non-keratinizing. Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma mempunyai berbagai nama lain, salah satunya Schneiderian carcinoma. Dahulu, Schneiderian carcinoma disebut sebagai Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma (malignant transformation). Atas kelangkaan dan keberagaman penamaan kasus ini, maka penulis tertarik untuk menyajikan kasus ini. Laporan Kasus: Seorang laki-laki 68 tahun datang dengan keluhan utama benjolan di leher kanan. Dilakukan tindakan wide eksisi dan rekontruksi, kemudian dikirimkan sampel untuk pemeriksaan histopatologi, didapatkan gambaran kelompok-kelompok sel epithelial ganas, dengan inti bulat oval, pleomorfik, hiperkromatik, berkromatin kasar, sitoplasma eosinofilik, mitosis dapat ditemukan, tumbuh papilifer, infiltratif diantara dalam stroma jaringan ikat fibrous. Dilakukan pemeriksaan lanjutan dengan pengecatan imunohistokimia yang memberikan hasil: CK5/6 positif, P63 positif, dan Ki67 positif > 80%. Diskusi: Ciri dan gejala pada pasien ini sesuai dengan kekhasan epidemiologi berdasarkan literatur. Berdasarkan pemeriksaan histopatologis dan pulasan imunohistokimia menyokong diagnosis Squamous cell carcinoma, transisional differenteated (Schneiderian carcinoma) regio colli sisi dekstra. Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan histopatologi dan imunohistokimia pada kasus Schneiderian carcinoma ini menjadi penting serta harus dibedakan dengan jenis lainnya karena masing-masing manajemen dan prognosisnya pun berbeda. Kata Kunci: Schneiderian carcinoma, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, transisional differenteated, Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma. Background: Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is rare, accounting for <1% of malignant tumours and only about 3% of malignancies of the head and neck, that includes a keratinizing and a non keratinizing type. Nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma has various other names, which one is Schneiderian carcinoma. In the past, Schneiderian carcinoma was referred to as Carcinoma Ex Schneiderian Papilloma (Malignant Transformation). Based on the scarcity and diversity of naming these cases, the authors are interested to presenting this case. Case Description: A 68-year-old man comes with a complaint of a lump in the right neck. Wide excision and reconstruction were carried out, then samples were sent for histopathology, a description of malignant epithelial cell groups, with oval, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic, coarse chromatin nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm, mitosis can be found, papilliferous growth, infiltrative within the tissue fibrous stroma. Follow-up examination with immunohistochemical staining that gave results: CK5/6 positive, P63 positive, and Ki67 >80%. Discussion: Characteristics and symptoms in these patients are consistent with epidemiological characteristics based on literature. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical examination support to diagnosis Squamous cell carcinoma, transitional differenteated (Schneiderian carcinoma) in colli region right side. Conclusion: Histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination in the case of Schneiderian carcinoma are important and must be distinguished from other types because each management and prognosis are different. Keywords: Schneiderian carcinoma, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, transisional differenteated, Carcinoma Ex-Schneiderian Papilloma.

Next-Generation Sequencing of a Cohort of Pulmonary Large Cell Carcinomas Reclassified by World Health Organization 2015 Criteria

The classification of pulmonary large cell carcinoma has undergone a major revision with the recent World Health Organization (WHO) 2015 Classification. Many large cell carcinomas are now reassigned to either adenocarcinoma with solid pattern or nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma based on immunopositivity for adenocarcinoma markers or squamous cell carcinoma markers, respectively. Large cell carcinomas that are negative for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma immunomarkers are now classified as large cell carcinoma with null immunohistochemical features (LCC-N). Although a few studies investigated the mutation profile of large cell carcinomas grouped by immunostain profile before the publication of the new WHO classification, investigation of tumors previously diagnosed as large cell carcinoma and reclassified according to the 2015 WHO classification has not, to our knowledge, been reported.Context.— To determine the mutation profiles of pulmonary large cell carcinomas reclassified by WHO 2015 criteria.Objective.— Archival cases of non–small cell lung carcinoma with large cell carcinoma morphology (n = 17) were reclassified according to 2015 WHO criteria. To determine mutation profile, we employed Ion Torrent (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, California)–based next-generation sequencing (50 genes; more than 2800 mutations) in addition to real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for ALK translocation detection.Design.— Two of 17 cases (12%) were reclassified as LCC-N, and both had mutations—BRAF D594N in one case and KRAS G12C in the other case. Seven of 17 cases (41%) were reclassified in the adenocarcinoma with solid pattern group, which showed one KRAS G12C and one EGFR E709K + G719C double mutation in addition to mutations in TP53. Eight of 17 cases (47%) were reclassified in the nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma group, which showed mutations in PIK3CA, CDKN2A, and TP53. No ALK translocations or amplifications were detected.Results.— The adenocarcinoma with solid pattern group showed mutations typical of adenocarcinoma, whereas the nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma group showed mutations typical of squamous cell carcinoma. Both LCC-N cases had mutations associated with adenocarcinoma, supporting the hypothesis that LCC-N is related to adenocarcinoma.Conclusions.—