Somatic status of adolescent girls with gynecological disorders born with low and excessive weight

In modern conditions, health problems (somatic, reproductive, mental) of adolescent girls occupy a special place in the health care system, as a reserve in reducing maternal and infant mortality, maintaining the fertility of the expectant mother. The aim. To study the frequency and character of extragenital diseases of adolescent girls with gynecological pathology, born with low and excessive body weight. Materials and methods. The project design is a population-based prospective cohort study. To achieve the goal and the implementation of the tasks, a prospective examination of girls and adolescent girls born with deficiency or excess body weight was carried out. The sample size was 77 people. Additionally, statistical processing was carried out using the Excell software. Results. Thus, the study of somatic health indicates its deterioration in the groups of girls born with polar values ​​of body weight. In groups 1 and 3, infectious diseases were identified, which can serve as a starting point in the development of reproductive system disorders. In girls of group 1, mumps prevailed (20.0%), which could cause damage to the follicular apparatus, while in group 3, girls were more likely to have influenza (25.8%), the virus of which has a damaging effect not only on the structure of the ovaries, but also on endometrium. Conclusions. Comparative analysis of the structure of somatic morbidity made it possible to identify the most significant pathology characteristic of each of the groups. Girls born with a large body weight have an increased risk of endocrine pathology. In girls born with low body weight, somatic diseases associated with manifestations of diseases of the musculoskeletal system prevail. This dictates the need to single out girls born with polar values ​​of body weight in the risk group for the development of somatic pathology and requires complex therapeutic and prophylactic measures.

Gynecological Health Concerns in Women with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders: A Narrative Review of Recent Studies

Sex and age are important factors influencing physical and mental health in schizophrenia. Our goal was to review the recent literature for associations between gynecological conditions and psychotic illness and to propose integrated strategies for their management in order to improve overall health outcomes in women. We addressed the following questions: What are the prevalence and risk factors of gynecological disorders in women with schizophrenia or delusional disorder (DD)? What are the rates of uptake of gynecological cancer screening and mortality in this population? What role does menopause play? We found an increased incidence of breast cancer in women with schizophrenia. Other gynecological comorbidities were less frequent, but the field has been understudied. Low rates of breast and cervical cancer screening characterize women with schizophrenia. Menopause, because of endocrine changes, aging effects, and resultant comorbidity is associated with high rates of aggressive breast cancer in this population. Uterine and ovarian cancers have been less investigated. Psychosocial determinants of health play an important role in cancer survival. The findings lead to the recommendation that primary care, psychiatry, gynecology, oncology, and endocrinology collaborate in early case finding, in research into etiological links, and in improvement of prevention and treatment.

Resolution of the 1st Ukrainian expert forum on abnormal uterine bleeding

The menstrual cycle is an important indicator not only of the female reproductive system health but also an integral part of women's health. The issues of therapeutic approaches for menstrual disorders, considering the general trend towards an increase in the proportion of this pathology among the total gynecological disorders in Ukraine, are susceptible and require close attention. The problem of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has a significant impact on women and health care worldwide. Algorithms for the diagnosis and therapy of AUB need to be regularly revised as international recommendations are updated, clinical trials are published, and a new look at pathogenetic mechanisms is made.The prerequisites for holding of this Expert Forum were the updating of the FIGO classification of uterine bleeding in 2018, the NICE guidelines “Heavy menstrual bleeding: assessment and management” in 2018 and 2021, as well as the new conditions of the pandemic era, which has taken its toll on the care of patients with AUB.The Resolution summarized all data unaccounted for in the current clinical protocol for AUB issued in 2016 and updated data from international guidelines and key studies in patients with AUB; highlighted in detail current thinking on the pathogenetic therapy of functional AUB, with an emphasis on chronic AUB associated with ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) and endometrial disorders (AUB-E), as the most common; provided modern approaches to the management of chronic AUB associated with non-structural causes (ovulatory dysfunction and endometrial factors), and prevention of acute AUB for implementation in clinical practice and improving the provision of evidence-based medical care and individualized patient care.The Resolution aims to optimize clinical approaches to patient management and ensure therapy personalization, which together will improve the reproductive health and general well-being of Ukrainian women.

MicroRNA-300 Inhibits the Proliferation and Metastasis of Cervical Cancer Cells via Posttranscriptional Suppression of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 34 (GPR34)

Cervical cancer is one of the dominant gynecological disorders which has poor prognosis and often diagnosed at advanced stages where it becomes nearly impossible to effectively manage this disorder. MicroRNA-300 (miR-300) has dual role in human tumorogenesis. However, characterization of its regulatory action has not been made in cervical cancer. The molecular role of miR-300 in cervical cancer was thus explored in the present study with prime focus on elucidating its mechanism of action. The results showed significant (P < 0.05) downregulation of miR-300 in cervical cancer. Overexpression of miR-300 in cervical cancer cells inhibited their proliferation in vitro by inducing apoptosis. Cervical cancer cells overexpressing miR-300 also showed decreased rates of migration and invasion. G protein-coupled receptor 34 (GPR34) was found to be the functional regulatory target of miR-300 in cervical cancer. GPR34 was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) overexpressed in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Silencing of GPR34 inhibited the growth of the cervical cancer cells. However, overexpression of GPR34 could prevent the tumor-suppressive effects of miR-300 on cervical cancer cells. Collectively, the results of the current study are indicative of the tumor-suppressive regulatory role of miR-300 in cervical cancer and suggestive of the potential therapeutic value of miR-300/GPR34 molecular axis.

Herbal Products Used in Menopause and for Gynecological Disorders

Herbal products are often used as an alternative to pharmacological therapy. Menopausal symptoms and gynecological disorders (such as premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea) are the indications where pharmacological therapy may have serious adverse events, hence many women prefer to use herbal products to help with these symptoms. Here, we reviewed plants and derived products, which are commonly used for the abovementioned indications, focusing on clinical data, safely profile and whether or not their use is justified. We noted that limited data are available on the use of some plants for alleviating the symptoms of menopause and gynecological disorders. While black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemose) and red clover (Trifolium pretense) were consistently shown to help reduce menopausal symptoms in clinical studies, currently available data do not fully support the use of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), hops (Humulus lupulus), valerian (Valeriana officinalis), and soybean (Glycine max and Glycine soja) for this indication. For premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder, chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) shows effectiveness, but more clinical studies are needed to confirm such effect upon the use of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis).

Insights Into the Regulation of Gynecological Inflammation-Mediated Malignancy by Metalloproteinases

Gynecological illness accounts for around 4.5% of the global disease burden, which is higher than other key global health concerns such as malaria (1.04%), TB (1.9%), ischemic heart disease (2.2%), and maternal disorders (3.5%). Gynecological conditions in women of reproductive age are linked to both in terms of diagnosis and treatment, especially in low-income economies, which poses a serious social problem. A greater understanding of health promotion and illness management can help to prevent diseases in gynecology. Due to the lack of established biomarkers, the identification of gynecological diseases, including malignancies, has proven to be challenging in most situations, and histological exams remain the gold standard. Metalloproteinases (MMPs, ADAMs, ADAMTSs) and their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs) modulate the protease-dependent bioavailability of local niche components (e.g., growth factors), matrix turnover, and cellular interactions to govern specific physical and biochemical characteristics of the environment. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM), and A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motif (ADAMTS) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that contribute significantly to the disintegration of extracellular matrix proteins and shedding of membrane-bound receptor molecules in several diseases, including arthritis. MMPs are noteworthy genes associated with cancer development, functional angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immune surveillance evasion. These genes are often elevated in cancer and multiple benign gynecological disorders like endometriosis, according to research. Migration through the extracellular matrix, which involves proteolytic activity, is an essential step in tumor cell extravasation and metastasis. However, none of the MMPs’ expression patterns, as well as their diagnostic and prognostic potential, have been studied in a pan-cancer context. The latter plays a very important role in cell signaling and might be used as a cancer treatment target. ADAMs are implicated in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review will focus on the contribution of the aforementioned metalloproteinases in regulating gynecological disorders and their subsequent manipulation for therapeutic intervention.

Boari flap urinary tract reconstruction for rectosigmoid cancer with ureteral invasion: Report of a case

Introduction: The Boari flap technique is a unique urinary tract reconstruction procedure performed after resection of the urinary tract. However, few previous reports have described the application of this technique to gastrointestinal cancer. Moreover, we have not found any papers describing the long-term prognosis. We report a case of right ureteral tract resection followed by Boari flap reconstruction for rectosigmoid carcinoma, with survival for 108 months without any urological complications. Case presentation: A woman in her 50s was diagnosed with rectosigmoid caner by local physician and referred to our institution. Computed tomography revealed right hydronephrosis due to rectosigmoid cancer invasion at the lower two-thirds of the right ureter. During laparotomy, massive lymphatic infiltration from the primary lesion to right ureter was observed. After primary tumor resection with lower ureter excision, the Boari flap procedure was performed to reconstruct the ureteral deficit. Postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged on postoperative day 20. The patient has been followed every 4 months for 9 years with no recurrence or unpleasant symptoms. Discussion: This technique is usually performed to manage specific conditions such as ureteral stenosis caused by ureteral calculi, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and gynecological disorders. This procedure should be reconsidered as a possible option for gastrointestinal malignant cases instead of nephrostomy or cutaneous ureterostomy, given the low rate of complications and high patient satisfaction. Conclusion: The Boari flap technique is particularly useful for bridging between the ureter and bladder in cases of colorectal malignancy with combined resection of the lower urinary tract.

Role of Sthanic Chikitsa in Stree Roga: An Ayurveda Review

Ayurveda put health of women on prime focus and gives detailed description on Stree Roga and their management through Ayurveda approaches. The common gynecological problems are Yonidaha, Yonikandu, Yoni paicchilya, Yoni strava, Yoni karkashata, Vamini and Upapluta yonivyapad, etc. The disturbed pattern of menstruation also causes many gynecological problems associated with female health. Ayurveda explains many ways for curing gynecological disorders especially Yoni Roga requiring local therapeutic measures, Sthanik Chikitsa is one of them which offers therapeutic relieves in various Stree Roga. Yoni-Pichu, Yoni Dhoopan, Yonidhawan, Yoni-Lepana, Uttarbasti, Yoni-Varti and Agnikarma, etc. are common approaches of Sthanik Chikitsa which are useful in many gynecological problems. These all approaches of Ayurveda help to maintain good health status of women and relives symptoms of white discharge, itching, burning micturation, foul smell and discharge, etc. These non-surgical and less invasive techniques offers health benefits to retain reproductive health of female and does not imparts severe side effects. Present article explains role of Sthanic Chikitsa in various Stree Roga.

Multigenerational endometriosis : consequence of fetal exposure to diethylstilbestrol ?

Background Endometriosis, which affects 10–15 % of women of reproductive age, is an estrogen-driven condition influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Exposition to estrogen-like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been reported to contribute to the fetal origin of this disease. Case presentation We report here an informative family in which all prenatally DES-exposed daughters and subsequent granddaughters presented endometriosis, whereas the unexposed first daughter and her progeny presented no gynecological disorders. Moreover, the only post-pubertal great-granddaughter, who presents chronic dysmenorrhea that remains resistant to conventional therapy, is at risk of developing endometriosis. The mother (I-2) was prescribed DES (30 mg/day for 3 months) to inhibit lactation after each delivery. Conclusions Although a direct causal link between the grandmother’s treatment with DES and the development of endometriosis in possibly three exposed generations remains speculative, this report strengthens the suspicion that fetal exposition to DES contributes to the pathogenesis of adult diseases, such as endometriosis. It also highlights a multigenerational and likely transgenerational effect of EDCs.