Effects of extensive bleeding in pigs on laboratory biomarkers

Background: During hemorrhage and resuscitation, clinical and laboratory monitoring is useful to guide further management. However, acute changes in the biochemistry due to blood loss and subsequent crystalloid fluid resuscitation have not been fully studied. Materials and methods: Twelve anesthetized, juvenile pigs were used. Atraumatic exsanguination, corresponding to a total blood loss of 40%, was performed through a catheter and completed 2 h after initiation of the experiment. Arterial samples were analyzed by point-of-care testing and venous samples were analyzed. Oxygen delivery was calculated. Results: Shortly after 40% hemorrhage and concomitant fluid supplementation, there were significant reductions in arterial hemoglobin and hematocrit (approximately 25%, respectively). Oxygen delivery was less than half of the baseline value. Lactate in arterial blood was more than doubled after 40% exsanguination. On average, no other clinically significant changes in any of the analytes were observed, but interindividual dispersion was pronounced. Conclusions: Acute exsanguination was associated with decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and increased lactate levels but limited effects on the other biomarkers that were studied. Increased levels of biomarkers in severely bleeding patients could indicate tissue damage and the source should be further investigated.

Comparing effects of intraoperative fluid and vasopressor infusion on intestinal microcirculation

Several studies have revealed that vasopressor may be more appropriate for treating intraoperative hypotension and preventing hypervolemia. This study compared the effects of vasopressor infusion and fluid supplementation on intestinal microcirculation during treating intraoperative hypotension. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: Light Anesthesia group (LA, 0.8–1% isoflurane); Deep Anesthesia group (DA, 1.5–1.8% isoflurane); Fluid DA group (1.5–1.8% isoflurane and fluid supplementation); and Norepinephrine DA group (1.5–1.8% isoflurane and norepinephrine infusion). At 240 min, perfused small vessel density (PSVD) of the mucosa did not differ significantly between the Fluid DA and Norepinephrine DA groups [26.2 (3.2) vs 28.9 (2.5) mm/mm2, P = 0.077], and tissue oxygen saturation of the mucosa was lower in the Fluid DA groups than in the Norepinephrine DA groups [ 48 (7) vs 57 (6) %, P = 0.02]. At 240 min, TSVD and PSVD of the seromuscular layer were higher in the Norepinephrine DA group than in the Fluid DA group. Fluid administration was higher in the Fluid DA group than in the Norepinephrine DA group [66 (25) vs. 9 (5) μL/g, P = 0.001]. Our results showed that norepinephrine can resuscitate intraoperative hypotension related microcirculatory alteration and avoid fluid overload.

Effect of Sterilized Rumen Fluid Supplementation Ways in Lactation Period on Rumen Microflora of Calves after Weaning

Background: The presence of the rumen makes the ruminant special, and the ruminal microbes has an important influence on the ruminant. The rumen have an important developed in young ruminants. This study want to investigate the ecological function of rumen fluid environmen from high-yielding dairy cows and effect of feeding of rumen fluid to suckling calves. For the experiment, 12 newborn Holstein male calves with the same feeding environment and similar ages were selected. They were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 4 in each group. The three treatments were: addition of sterilized rumen fluid to milk (Group M), addition of sterilized rumen fluid to starter feed (Group S), and control group fed milk and starter feed(Group C). The growth performance indices and blood indices were measured, and rumen fluid samples were collected after weaning,which used for 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolome detection were performed. Results: Compared with the control group, the growth performance of group S was significantly increased. For the rumen fluid microbiome and metabolome detection, both groups M and S showed significant differences from group C.Conclusions: The microbes and metabolites were different due to different supplementary feeding methods. Metabolites with differential levels were mainly involved in metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. These numerical differences indicate that there are specific ruminal microbes structures in the rumen fluid of high-yielding cows, which promoting better development of animals.

Effect of fluid supplementation with phototherapy in reducing the serum bilirubin levels in severe hyperbilirubinemia

Hyperbilirubinemia otherwise called ”jaundice” is yellowish-green pigmentation of the sclera and skin brought about by an expansion in bilirubin creation or an imperfection in bilirubin elimination. Prospective randomized comparative correlational study carried out on babies admitted to NICU in Krishna Hospital. All healthy term babies (= 37 weeks) with non haemolytic hyperbilirubinemia with absolute serum bilirubin =20 mg/dl - = 25 mg/dl from second day of life to fourteenth day of life. Out of 811 babies admitted in NICU during the study period, 52 babies were admitted for severe hyperbilirubinemia in NICU. Thus, the incidence rate was 6.4%.out of these 28 (53.84%) were male and 24 (46.15%) were female. The frequency of extreme hyperbilirubinemia was more in inborn babies (78.88%) than out born babies (21.15%). The frequency of extreme hyperbilirubinemia with respect to birth weight were, Weights between 2000 gms-3000gms were 40 (76.9%) and weight above 3000 gms were 12 (23.07%). The percentage weight loss from the time of birth till admission between enhanced and non enhanced gatherings was comparable. In the study, 28 (53.84%) were delivered per vaginally, 24 (46.15%) were born by LSCS. Most neonates in our study, 31 (59.61%) cases presented with in 2-5 days, 20 cases presented between 6-10 days and only one case between 11-14 days. The mean gestational age of presentation in both groups was not significant. By unpaired T test both supplemental and non supplemental groups are comparable i.e., the levels of bilirubin, rate of reduction of bilirubin between 2 groups is not significant. By ANOVA test i.e., the levels of bilirubin, rate of reduction of bilirubin in both the groups is highly significant. The complete length of phototherapy required between2 groups is not significant. This information show that organization of extra intravenous liquid in embittered sound, term, breastfed neonates have no useful impact on the pace of serum bilirubin decrease during phototherapy.