İspanya Dış Politikasında İmparatorluk Geçmişi ve Latin Amerika

In Spain’s foreign policy, the relationships with the Spanish-speaking Latin American countries have a special privileged place which dates back to the country’s imperial past. Based on a narrative of common language and a shared cultural history and identity with the Latin American people, Spain still aims to maintain its leading role in diplomatic relations, cultural investment, and foreign aid more than any country. Moreover, the ongoing relationships with this region has been one of the key areas of Madrid’s foreign policy for its global role expanding from the Iberian Peninsula to the entire world. Since Spain emphasises on the concept of Ibero-American identity in its relations with the Latin America, this study attempts to use a social-constructivist approach in analysing the place of the Latin America in the contemporary Spanish foreign policy. Specifically, it searches for the influences of Spain’s European Union membership on these relationships. Consequently, it argues that European identity of the nation has gained a greater weight than its Ibero-American identity since the democratisation process of 1980s. Thus, the relationships with Europe have pushed the Latin America to a secondary position in the foreign affairs.

Social Reproduction as Language Policy: The Neoliberal Co-option of English in Global Japan

In Japan, neoliberal discourses rationalize English language proficiency as a pathway to meritocratic reward and success in the global knowledge economy. With this ideology in mind, this review engages the market orientation of English domestically and the causative implications of class-distinguished capital. Specifically, Bourdieu’s theory of social reproduction is employed to foster comprehension of Japanese foreign language policies in which English substantiates itself as a valuable source of cultural investment. Notwithstanding the supposedly meritocratic intention of the Japanese state, this study concludes that credentialism, hierarchization, and marketization function in concert with a survival of the fittest corollary that, per globalized ideological-discursive assumptions, constrains agency through the justification of ELL as a vocational and civic moral worth. This conflation of internationalization and Englishization is better understood as an instrument of dominance, with the agency to participate in ELL interlocking with an incontrovertible doxa that rationalizes the economic, social, and political hierarchy.

Policies to Increase Calves Production in East Nusa Tenggara as a National Production Center

The determinant factors of the growth of calf cattle production in NTT Province (both technical/technological, economic, socio-cultural, investment, and related institutions) have not been specifically identified and measured. This is very important for the purpose of formulating and implementing related policies. The objectives of this study were to analyze the main factors affecting the level of calf production, and to formulate policy interventions to increase calf production. A research survey was carried out on parties related to the planning and development of cattle business. The quantitative approach is in the form of regression analysis of time series data. The economic phenomenon of calf production in Kupang Regency has been simplified into a mathematical model (response function). The result reported that the estimated value of the parameters in the total calf production equation model in NTT was: TPRAS= – 20434.1 + 0.2262 LTTSIP* – 0.0032 TLPRAns + 0.2147 TLLTP* + 0.1036 TPTRU* + 0.1877 TRKUT** + 0.2067TRDIB** + 0.1057 TRDVT** + 0.3647 LTPRAS* + 811.7645 TREND**. In conclusionl, the increased production of calves was dependent on the increase in support for the main production factors [number of productive cows, number of farmers, amount of feed, and amount of cement/vaccine] adequatly. Policy investment (through interest rates and realization farming loans), policy of productive cows control (through postponement of slaughter and the provision cash incentives), and policy of technology support (through realization AI doses of semen and livestock vaccines) significantly affect to production of calves.

The Promotion of Unification

The nineteenth-century cultural elevation of science puts it in some respects in an analogous position to that previously occupied by religion in marking out Western civilization. Beginning in the nineteenth century in Germany, France, and Britain, there developed a comprehensive cultural investment in the idea of the unity of science, which played a crucial role in taking over this task from religion. In this chapter the political, social, and ideological motivations behind the nineteenth-century advocacy of the unity of science are explored. At the same time, it examines the formative moves in the establishment of the unity of science, particularly the attempts of the British Association for the Advancement of Science to regiment the sciences, that is, to decide what to include and what to exclude from the rubric of science, and to order and rank those that it included.

“THE RUSSIAN WORLD” ON THE BUDVA RIVIERA: TOURISM AND FOREIGN POLICY PROCESS IN THE MONTENEGRO

The article is devoted to the study of the role and place of tourism in the transformation of the foreign policy course of post-Yugoslavian Montenegro. The focus is on the impact of Russian tourism on key directions and foreign policy problems of the country. The work is based on the concept of transnationalism. Within this approach, global tourist flows are considered as a kind of transnational social space, in which the tourist is always an actor, performing various social actions related to interaction with the different environment. The publication reveals a historical retrospective of geopolitical presence of Russia in the Western Balkans. The cultural, investment and tourism components of Russia's influence on the social and political life of post-Yugoslavian Montenegro are highlighted. Principal indicators of tourism development in the country, the contribution of Russian tourism to the total volume of international tourist arrivals are investigated. Significant politicization of the tourist process in Montenegro is claimed. In mono-dependent on international tourism economy of Montenegro, tourism has influenced the politically-motivated rethinking of the traditions of relations with Serbia, Russia and the West. It has become a factor in the electoral struggle in the society and affected the transformation of Montenegro's geopolitical landmarks. The publication analyzes Russia's attempts to destabilize the country's political situation in the context of its accession to NATO. First of all, by exploiting Montenegro's dependence on Russian investment and tourist flows, the application of information warfare technologies. Culture and tourism are said to be an important component of the new concept of sovereignty, where demonstration of openness and a new European identity have underpinned Montenegro's geopolitical transformation – from the Balkans to the country that has come close to the EU. At the same time, Montenegro's example reflects the increasing political and economic importance of tourism in the world political processes and ensuring international political interaction.

Controlling Hazards

Since the Great Depression, schools and sports administrators had chosen to manage football’s financial risks by focusing primarily on improving insurance schemes. Large athletic insurance programs offered families and schools a greater degree of financial protection against the risk of football injuries. The development of these programs also influenced football injury epidemiology. Mid-century research using large scale insurance data pointed to the limitations of protective equipment in preventing injuries. Doctors and researchers’ efforts to “save football” in the face of this evidence represented a broad cultural investment in preserving the sport among the experts responsible for protecting youth health. By the early 1960s, the most influential sports and research organizations had zeroed in on setting standards for football helmets as the most important technological strategy needed to control the sport’s hazards.

FINANCIAL AND NON-FINANCIAL REPORTING OF ECONOMIC AGENTS: IMPORTANCE, OBJECTIVES AND DECISION

The economy of our country is going through a difficult period, which is aggravated by endless sanctions and difficult economic conditions in the world, which in turn affects the level of sustainable development of Russian economic entities. The primary problem of instability in terms of sustainable development of Russian companies is determined by the inability of economic entities to respond effectively to changes in the internal and external environment. In this regard, there is a need to establish an effective mechanism for managing sustainable development. One of the tools of this mechanism is non-financial reporting. The complexity of the complex analysis of the sustainability of development due to the large number and variety of financial and non-financial factors affecting the sustainable development of the economic entity, and therefore their study is a certain complexity. First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that Russian companies, as well as foreign ones, are guided by the level and volume of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, water bodies and soil. The reports show the resources consumed and their classification, the level of education and the age composition of the staff, as well as social factors focused on the average wage level, the involvement of personnel in the production process, the possibility of training and other non-financial factors. Do not forget about the socio-cultural, investment and other factors affecting the economic entity as a whole. It is important to understand that economic actors seeking to benefit from the transition to sustainable development often have a longer time horizon and a broader set of objectives than traditional companies. As a rule, they are dissatisfied with the status quo and want to act socially responsible, as well as to protect the environment. They value employee well-being, society, culture and future generations. However, without being able to ignore short-term challenges, success in implementing the concept of sustainable development is more complex and time-consuming.

Live Your Myth in Greece: Towards the Construction of a Heritage Identity

Nowadays, top-rated tourist attractions in Greece are ancient archaeological places and islands with blue-and-white esthetics. The country’s projected impression is greatly based on these two distinguished representations, chosen for their distinctive architecture scattered in the Greek landscape. Both imageries seem to be officially promoted in order to configure today’s national identity. The classical antiquities are related to the birthplace of European civilization, whereas the notion of the unspoilt archipelago with the whitewashed Cycladic houses works as a symbol of purity and eternity. The present article focuses on the analysis of these two Greek heritage scenarios and, subsequently, on their deconstruction. It aims to investigate the interaction between myth and reality and their role in forming the perception of contemporary Greece. The article argues that there is not a unique architectural history to come to light and, therefore, the highlighting of specific periods of it probably conceals intentions concerning patrimony management: selective excavation among the layers of history, historic preservation of selected buildings, and laws which impose the maintenance of certain findings or specific colors are some indicative signs. It also investigates the ways in which national heritage is directed and affected according to certain policies—local or foreign—that aim at a cultural investment in the world history.

Cultural investment of Javanese Krama language in Islamic elementary schools

Language is the most essential communication tool for human beings. Languages possessed by humans are so dynamic that it continues to evolve over time. The language instruction was termed Linguistic Etiquette. In Linguistic Etiquette there is a term of speech levels. The use of language in Islamic Elementary School (Madrasa Ibtidaiyah/MI) was implemented in an integrated manner with the relationshipbetween fields of study. Javanese is the mother tongue of the Javanese. The society levels of speech in Javanese language are Ngoko, Krama Madya, and Krama Inggil. The Javanese practices Krama level language to communicate between students with teachers, among teachers and teachers with headmaster of MI at school. This research was conducted qualitatively to informants from MI Tegalwaton and MI Al Islam Bonomerto. The researcher used qualitative descriptive approach to describe the state or phenomenon status of the data obtained from the research object, which then analyzed. This study are investigating MI programs in instilling Javanese `Krama` language, the results of Javanese `Krama` language cultural cultivation in MI Tegalwaton and MI Al Islam Bonomerto as well as obstacles experienced by the students in using Javanese `Krama` language.

People Exchange: A British Councils Post-Colonial Distinguished Cultural Investment

0