Mobile environmental monitoring system of the Dniester: modeling of technical system of hydro resources and extreme floods

The mobile environmental monitoring system is aimed at increasing the processing speed of measurement analyzes and increasing the scale of the study. The algorithm of analysis and modeling of extreme floods includes: construction of a series of hydrographic maps of the largest floods and graphs of characteristic water levels, assessment of the peculiarities of floods, formation of a database on channel morphometry and the state of flood objects. An important role is given to the assessment and forecast of the state of the Dniester and anthropogenic impacts on it in connection with such indicators as morbidity and control of pollution caused by flooding. Man-caused ecological safety of use of hydro resources and hydroecosystems in general should be based on the hydroecosystem concept of balanced nature use. GIS technologies (ArcView GIS 3.2a) were used to directly implement the tasks of estimating the time of penetration of pollutants into groundwater. The evaluation of the protective properties of the rocks of the aeration zone was performed by creating a spatial model to determine the relationship between objects using the module Georgesessig ArcGIS. Survey materials allow you to create 3D terrain models with an accuracy of 15–20 cm and aerial mosaics at a scale of 1: 1,000 – 1: 5,000.

Awareness and Performance towards Proper Use of Disinfectants to Prevent COVID-19: The Case of Iran

This study aimed to assess the awareness and performance of Qom citizens towards using disinfectants and compared its relationship with geographical distribution of COVID-19 outbreak in Qom, Iran. The study was conducted by a researcher-made questionnaire during April and May, 2020. COVID-19 incidence data for each district of city was obtained from health department of Qom province. Data were analyzed using Excel, SPSS and ArcView (GIS) softwares. It was found that the highest level of citizens’ awareness (52%) was in the weak range while their performance (56%) was in the good range. According to Spearman’s correlation analysis, there was a strong correlation (rho 0.95) between the total mean of awareness and performance (p < 0.01). The highest incidence rate of COVID-19 was in district 7 which had the lowest mean score in both awareness and performance. In addition, the results of ANOVA (LSD—least significant difference) showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between district 7—with lower mean scores in awareness and performance—and other districts. Overall, it is concluded that citizens’ awareness level was lower than that of their performance. This conclusion not only calls for more training programs to be implemented in public places, schools, universities and governmental offices, but it also necessitates maintaining a proper and timely training about using disinfectants.

STRUCTURE OF THE VEGETATIVE COVER OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF TUVA

The article presents the study of vegetation cover in the Northeast of Tuva. The surveillance research was conducted in summer season from 2009 to 2017. It was revealed that nearly all altitudinal vegetation belts common to the Mountains of Southern Siberia are widespread in the studied area. The vegetation cover that creates biological diversity and conditions for its preservation, is peculiar for its geological history (relatively young site), specific landscape (combination of highlands and lowlands), climatic and landscape mosaic, low impact of anthropogenic activities. The vegetation cover conforms with the laws of altitudinal zonation, highland belts and mountain taiga belts. The prevailing type of vegetation is mountain taiga. In the result of conducted research, a series of electronic large-scale maps were created (universal map and evaluation map) with the help of ArcView GIS software. Both traditional methods and modern mapping techniques were used for vegetation communities, based on forest surveying data as well as on author’s filed research records. The vegetation map fragment is provided and the area’s landscape structure is described. Vegetation cover in the area under research is characterized by originality due to historical and environmental conditions, as well as proximity of the mountains. Currently, this is one of the few Siberian areas where anthropogenic activity is very limited. As of landscape peculiarities, the territory is remarkable for inhomogenuity of its landscape and environment which in its turn results in a wide typological variety of vegetation and considerable contrast of vegetation cover. In this regard, the territory of these mountain ridges is a model region to study historical development of vegetation cover in the mountains of the Southern Siberia.

Pengaruh Tingkat Kepadatan Penduduk Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Bali

Penduduk dalam suatu wilayah sangat menentukan pembangunan di suatu wilayah. Sumber daya manusia yang erat kaitannya kuantitas dan kualitas penduduk harus menjadi perhatian pemerintah demi lancarnya pembangunan. Kuantitas dapat dilihat dari jumlah dan kepadatan penduduk, sedangkan kualitas penduduk suatu wilayah dapat dilihat dari Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) yang dicapai suatu wilayah. Provinsi Bali dengan kepadatan penduduk 743 jiwa/km2 memiliki IPM dengan kategori tinggi berdasarkan klasifikasi yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kuantitas penduduk yaitu kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh terhadap kualitas penduduk yang dilihat dari capaian IPM. Data sekunder yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitaif dengan analisis regresi untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari kepadatan penduduk terhadap capaian IPM dan divisualisasikan dengan pemetaan digital menggunakan Arcview GIS 3.3. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh secara siginifikan terhadap capaian IPM, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penduduk yang besar harus diiringi peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION MAPPING IN BALI ISLAND USING ARCVIEW

Higher Education is the level of higher education or further education after a high school education or equivalent. Based on the observations of researchers in Bali Island, especially in the city of Denpasar is very growing growth of universities by providing a variety of courses so that information about the college is not maximally known by the general public and high school alumni / equivalent in particular who want to continue to higher education level. To provide more interactive and effective information then built the application of geographic information system of the spread of universities on the island of Bali by using Arcview GIS as its tools. The data needed on this system is spatial data and non spatial data. Spatial data is a data type of vector that has the characteristics of point, line and polygon. Point is used to represent cities and colleges, lines used to represent roads and polygons are used to represent areas of the district locations of the college. The non-spatial data is the attribute data describing the college. Spatial data and non-spatial data intergrated are implemented in ArcView in the form of digital maps. The process undertaken in this study is the grouping of universities by type of universities, institutes, high schools, polytechnics and academies. Grouping by type of college in each regency / municipality on the island of Bali with the aim to facilitate in obtaining information of colleges in each kabupeten so that people can calculate the distance of residence with the desired college. The result of this research is application of university dissemination in each regency / municipality and application of university deployment in Bali Island by using ArcView GIS (Geographic Information Siystem) software.

Approaches to mapping the regional housing market to provide visualization of the National Project “Housing and Urban Environment”

The article shows various ways of mapping the regional residential real estate market, which can be used in the future to visualize the National Project “Housing and Urban Environment”, implemented until 2024. The author demonstrates different types of cartodiagrams. It is shown that the equipment of residential real estate is more convenient to display a petal cartodiagram. Attention is paid to the use of cartodiagram with stroke, the semicircular and mesh cartodiagram. The author gives a significant place in the publication to the method of mapping housing affordability for citizens, as one of the important tasks of the National Project “Housing and Urban Environment” is to create conditions for increasing the level of affordability of residential real estate acquisition. There are 4 availability indicators that can be displayed on the map using special cartograms and the cartogram method. The most successful option, according to the author, is a combination of two techniques for the image of a cartogram on one map. Attention and rather rare means of socio-economic mapping, in particular the pseudoisolines (of isopleth). The author notes that this method is one of the most obvious in mapping the residential real estate market, especially the price situation. The article, by building isoprices, it was clearly shown how to identify the main geographical factors in the pricing of the housing market. Attention is paid to the geoinformation component of the isopleth construction. The algorithm of working with them using the Spatial Analyst module of the ArcView GIS program is shown. According to the author, cartographic research should be completed with the construction of synthetic maps. One example of synthesis in mapping the housing market is a map of its geographical segmentation. Such maps can be supplemented with matrix legends. The author emphasizes the importance of moving away from primitive maps with one or two cartographic methods to complex maps.

The question of creating a database of medicinal plants of the Tuva Republic, using modern information technologies

Purpose. Creation of a database of medicinal plants of the Republic of Tuva using geoinformation technologies. Methods. The objects of research are populations of wild medicinal plants growing in natural habitats. Research was carried out in the period 1996-2018. Data on medicinal plants, stocks of above-ground and underground phytomass, biological and operational reserves are stored in the PDF format of Adobe Acrobat 8.0. The main element of the database (DB) is the form and the table. All data is located in the table, the fields of which are displayed in the database form. Each entry refers to a particular type of a plant, and in the appropriate field are the characteristics. Results. The created computer scientific database "Medicinal plants of the Republic of Tuva" contains a systematic list of species of vascular plants of the flora of the Republic, which consists of 200 species. The GIS map "Medicinal plants of the Republic of Tuva" was created, where the software product ArcView GIS was used as the basis. Summary. The introduction of modern information technologies in the data collection process opens up new opportunities in biological and environmental research. The developed database can be used to study the characteristics of medicinal plants in different regions, to conduct a complete taxonomic and typological analysis of medicinal plants, to solve methodological problems in the study of plants, as well as for monitoring.

PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN KRIMINALITAS MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENDALIAN KEAMANAN DAN KETERTIBAN MASYARAKAT (KAMTIBMAS) DI WILAYAH GIANYAR BALI

ABSTRACT<br />Bali is a world tourism destination that is very popular with tourists, where along with the positive impact of foreign exchange entry, rapid economic development, entertainment and tourism objects that continue to grow also have an impact on social problems, especially the issue of security and public order. Gianyar is one of the areas in Bali that is also the center of tourism destinations, one of which is Ubud which is famous for its culture and rural atmosphere and was once a tourism destination in the top 5 of the world.The research method uses secondary and primary data analysis with the use of GIS Arcview software. By digitizing maps, overlaying and synchronizing the coordinates of crime cases that occur so that the results of mapping the crime area are obtained. For grouping, determine the vulnerability of an area using the cluster method. Grouping is taken based on the crime scene density from the crime that occurred at the location so that the output produced can facilitate information users in distinguishing the level of vulnerability between regions. The results of the research in the Gianyar regency state that the highest incidence of criminal acts in cases of theft with weighting (Curat), cases of theft, theft with violence (Curas) and gambling. Sukawati is a vulnerable area of Curat, the tourist area in Ubud is a vulnerable area, while the case of Curas, while cases of theft and gambling are scattered in several cities in the Gianyar region. In terms of the time of crime with the highest intensity, it occurred at 12.00-18.00 with an incidence of 32% of the total criminal acts that occurred<br />Keywords: GIS, Community Service, Information Systems, Mapping, Clusters<br />ABSTRAK<br />Bali merupakan destinasi pariwisata dunia yang sangat digemari oleh wisatawan, dimana seiring dampak positif masuknya devisa, perkembangan perekonomian yang pesat, bidang hiburan dan obyek wisata yang terus berkembang juga berdampak pada permasalahan sosial, khususnya permasalahan keamanan dan ketertiban masyarakat (Kamtibmas). Gianyar merupakan salah satu daerah di Bali yang juga menjadi pusat destinasi pariwisata, salah satunya Ubud yang terkenal budaya dan suasana pedesaan dan pernah menjadi destinasi pariwisata yang masuk dalam 5 besar dunia. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisa data sekunder dan primer dengan penggunaan software Arcview GIS. Dengan melakukan digitasi peta, overlay dan sinkrinisasi koordinat kejadian perkara kriminalitas yang terjadi sehingga di peroleh hasil pemetaan daerah kriminalitas. Untuk pengelompokan penentuan tingkat kerawanan suatu daerah di gunakan metode cluster. Pengelompokan diambil berdasarkan kerapatan/density TKP dari tindak kejahatan yang terjadi di lokasi sehingga output yang dihasilkan dapat memudahkan pengguna informasi dalam membedakan tingkat kerawanan antara wilayah satu dengan lainnya. Hasil dari penelitian di wilayah Kabupaten Gianyar menyatakan pola kejadian tindak kriminalitas yang tertinggi pada kasus pencurian dengan pemberatan (Curat), kasus Curanmor, pencurian dengan kekerasan (Curas) dan Perjudian. Kecamatan Sukawati menjadi daerah rawan kasus Curat hal ini sebanding dengan jumlah penduduk diwilayah tersebut yang paling padat di Gianyar, daerah obyek wisata di Ubud menjadi daerah rawan sedang kasus Curas terutama menyasar daerah pariswisata dan beberapa korbannya adalah para wisatawan sedangkan kasus Curanmor dan Judi tersebar di beberapa kota di wilayah Gianyar. Ditinjau dari segi waktu tindak kejahatan dengan intensitas paling tinggi terjadi pada waktu 12.00 – 18.00 dengan frekuwensi kejadian sebesar 32 % dari total seluruh tindak kriminalitas yang terjadi.<br />Kata Kunci : SIG, Kamtibmas, Sistem Informasi, Pemetaan, Cluster

ЭКОЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИГ. БИРОБИДЖАНА ПО УРОВНЮ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА

В статье представлены результаты исследования экологогеохимического состояния снежного покрова как индикатора качества атмосферного воздуха г. Биробиджана. Выявлены основные природные и антропогенные факторы, предопределяющие экологическое состояние городской территории в зимний период (климатические, планировочная структура, стационарные и мобильные источники загрязнения). Определено, что выбросы основных загрязнителей во время отопительного сезона превышает летний в 6,5 раз. Проведены геохимические исследования снежного покрова на 60 экспериментальных площадках, заложенных в различных функциональных зонах города. Выявлено значительное превышение тяжелых металлов над фоновым уровнем: железа до 60, марганца до 50, меди до 40, цинка до 20, никеля до 12, свинца до 10, кобальта до 6 раз. С 2003 по 2018 годы содержание химических элементов в снеге увеличилось в 2 раза за счет мобильных источников загрязнения, ТЭЦ, котельных. Проведена сравнительная характеристика накопления тяжелых металлов в снеге за 2003 и 2018 годы и установлен ранжированный ряд загрязняющих токсичных веществ. Разработана шкала оценки загрязнения депонирующих сред по суммарному показателю концентрации тяжелых металлов, согласно которой в Биробиджане выявлено 5 уровней загрязнения снежного покрова. В целом экологическое состояние урбанизированной территории признано неудовлетворительным (8 площади территории относится к очень высокому, 14 к высокому, 21 к выше среднему, 27 к среднему уровням загрязнения, 30 к относительно чистым районам города). По полученным результатам разработана карта в программе ArcView GIS Экологогеохимическое районирование территории г. Биробиджана по уровню загрязнения снежного покрова с выделением наиболее загрязненных участков (70 от общей площади города является загрязненной). По результатам проведенных исследований предложены конструктивные методы планирования урбанизированной территории с целью улучшения ее экологического состояния: проведение геомониторинга (контроль загрязнения снежного покрова и своевременный его вывоз на специально оборудованные полигоны). Snow cover is taken as an indicator of air quality using Birobidzhan, a middlesize city in the Russian Far East, as a case study. The main natural and manmade determinants influencing the ecological state of the urban area in winter are identified: climate, a planning structure, and the stationary and mobile sources of pollution. During the heating season the emission of major pollutants exceeds the summer level by 6.5 times. The geochemical study of snow cover was performed at 60 experimental sites in different functional urban areas. A significant excess of heavy metals over the regional background level was revealed: iron up to 60 times, manganese up to 50, copper up to 40, zinc up to 20 , nickel up to 12, lead up to 10, cobalt up to 6 times. From 2003 to 2018 the content of chemical elements in snow increased in 2 times due to the mobile sources of pollution, thermal power plants, and boilers. The comparative characteristic of accumulation of heavy metals in snow for 2003 and 2018 is carried out, and the ranked number of polluting toxic substances is established. The scale of pollution assessment in depositing environments was developed using the cumulative indicator of heavy metal concentration. Five levels of snow cover pollution are found in Birobidzhan: low, moderate, above moderate, high and very high. As a whole, the ecological state of the urban area is considered as unsatisfactory (8 of the area with a very high level of pollution, 14 with high, 21 above moderate, 27 a moderate level of pollution, 30 a relatively clean area). According to the results, a map was developed in the ArcView GIS program Ecological and geochemical zoning of Birobidzhan, using the level of the snow cover pollution with the allocation of the most polluted areas (70 of the total area of the city is polluted). According to the results, a constructive method of planning in an urban area is proposed in order to improve its environmental condition: geomonitoring as a control of pollution in snow cover and its prompt removal to specially equipped landfills.

ЭКОЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИГ. БИРОБИДЖАНА ПО УРОВНЮ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЯ СНЕЖНОГО ПОКРОВА

В статье представлены результаты исследования экологогеохимического состояния снежного покрова как индикатора качества атмосферного воздуха г. Биробиджана. Выявлены основные природные и антропогенные факторы, предопределяющие экологическое состояние городской территории в зимний период (климатические, планировочная структура, стационарные и мобильные источники загрязнения). Определено, что выбросы основных загрязнителей во время отопительного сезона превышает летний в 6,5 раз. Проведены геохимические исследования снежного покрова на 60 экспериментальных площадках, заложенных в различных функциональных зонах города. Выявлено значительное превышение тяжелых металлов над фоновым уровнем: железа до 60, марганца до 50, меди до 40, цинка до 20, никеля до 12, свинца до 10, кобальта до 6 раз. С 2003 по 2018 годы содержание химических элементов в снеге увеличилось в 2 раза за счет мобильных источников загрязнения, ТЭЦ, котельных. Проведена сравнительная характеристика накопления тяжелых металлов в снеге за 2003 и 2018 годы и установлен ранжированный ряд загрязняющих токсичных веществ. Разработана шкала оценки загрязнения депонирующих сред по суммарному показателю концентрации тяжелых металлов, согласно которой в Биробиджане выявлено 5 уровней загрязнения снежного покрова. В целом экологическое состояние урбанизированной территории признано неудовлетворительным (8 площади территории относится к очень высокому, 14 к высокому, 21 к выше среднему, 27 к среднему уровням загрязнения, 30 к относительно чистым районам города). По полученным результатам разработана карта в программе ArcView GIS Экологогеохимическое районирование территории г. Биробиджана по уровню загрязнения снежного покрова с выделением наиболее загрязненных участков (70 от общей площади города является загрязненной). По результатам проведенных исследований предложены конструктивные методы планирования урбанизированной территории с целью улучшения ее экологического состояния: проведение геомониторинга (контроль загрязнения снежного покрова и своевременный его вывоз на специально оборудованные полигоны). Snow cover is taken as an indicator of air quality using Birobidzhan, a middlesize city in the Russian Far East, as a case study. The main natural and manmade determinants influencing the ecological state of the urban area in winter are identified: climate, a planning structure, and the stationary and mobile sources of pollution. During the heating season the emission of major pollutants exceeds the summer level by 6.5 times. The geochemical study of snow cover was performed at 60 experimental sites in different functional urban areas. A significant excess of heavy metals over the regional background level was revealed: iron up to 60 times, manganese up to 50, copper up to 40, zinc up to 20 , nickel up to 12, lead up to 10, cobalt up to 6 times. From 2003 to 2018 the content of chemical elements in snow increased in 2 times due to the mobile sources of pollution, thermal power plants, and boilers. The comparative characteristic of accumulation of heavy metals in snow for 2003 and 2018 is carried out, and the ranked number of polluting toxic substances is established. The scale of pollution assessment in depositing environments was developed using the cumulative indicator of heavy metal concentration. Five levels of snow cover pollution are found in Birobidzhan: low, moderate, above moderate, high and very high. As a whole, the ecological state of the urban area is considered as unsatisfactory (8 of the area with a very high level of pollution, 14 with high, 21 above moderate, 27 a moderate level of pollution, 30 a relatively clean area). According to the results, a map was developed in the ArcView GIS program Ecological and geochemical zoning of Birobidzhan, using the level of the snow cover pollution with the allocation of the most polluted areas (70 of the total area of the city is polluted). According to the results, a constructive method of planning in an urban area is proposed in order to improve its environmental condition: geomonitoring as a control of pollution in snow cover and its prompt removal to specially equipped landfills.