IoT-based smart cities: a bibliometric analysis and literature review

Modern cities face many challenges related to globalisation, metropolisation and digitalisation. The smart city concept, which has been gaining popularity in recent years, is considered an answer to their needs. One of the paradigms of modern smart cities is the Internet of Things. This article aims to identify the main research directions and trends in the scientific literature in the field of Internet-of-Things-based smart cities. The author of the paper conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications from 2012–2021, collected from the Web of Science, Scopus and IEEE Xplore databases. The methodology includes: (i) the selection of databases and key words, (ii) defining search criteria, (iii) data export, creation of an aggregate database and record selection, and (iv) the analysis of the results and identification of the major research trends. The study involved 1019 publications. The last stage of the research process identified the leading countries, institutions, journals, and authors in terms of publication activity, as well as the most frequently occurring terms. The key word analysis allowed identifying five main research directions: IoT application domains in smart cities, IoT architecture for smart cities, energy, security and privacy and data. Within each area, the main research themes have been identified, and selected publications have been reviewed.

Impact of partially non-ergodic site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard on risk assessment of single buildings

The growth of global ground-motion databases has allowed generation of non-ergodic ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) based on specific on-site recordings. Several studies have investigated the differences between the hazard estimates from ergodic versus non-ergodic GMPEs. Here instead we focus on the impact of non-ergodic PSHA estimates on the seismic risk of nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems representing ductile structures and compare it with the traditional risk estimates obtained using ergodic GMPEs. The structure-and-site-specific risk estimates depend not only on the difference in the hazard estimates but also on the different hazard-consistent ground-motion record selection that informs the response calculation. The more accurate structure-and-site-specific non-ergodic risk estimates show that traditional ones may be biased in a way impossible to predict a priori. Hence, the use of the non-ergodic approach is recommended, whenever possible. However, further advancements of non-ergodic GMPEs are necessary before being routinely utilized in real-life risk assessment applications.

Dorzolamide/Timolol-Fixed Combination For Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Protocol For Systematic Review

Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a very common disorder, and it is the second leading cause that results in blindness worldwide after cataracts. Previous studies have reported that dorzolamide/timolol-fixed combination (DTFC) can be used in treating POAG. However, there are still inconsistent results. Thus, this study will systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of DTFC on POAG. Methods: A comprehensive search will be carried out in Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHI, ACMD, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WANGFANG database from origin to the present. There are no limitations related to the language and publication status. Only randomized controlled trials that assessed the efficacy and safety of DTFC for the treatment of POAG will be included. Two researchers will independently undertake record selection, data extraction, and study quality assessment. Any divisions will be solved by discussion with a third researcher. We will perform statistical analysis using RevMan 5.3 software Discussion: This study will summarize the present evidence to identify the efficacy and safety of DTFC in treating POAG through mean intraocular pressure, best corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, bioelectric activity of the retina, rate of progression of glaucoma, quality of life, and adverse events. The results of this study will help to determine whether DTFC is effective and safety for the treatment of POAG.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020170531.

Multi-level conditional spectrum-based record selection for IDA

Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is widespread to evaluate the seismic response of structures. It employs one records set scaled to multiple intensity levels (IMLs) to estimate the structural response distribution. However, the dominating earthquake scenarios differ with the intensity, and a single set introduces bias that increases with scaling. The response is, however, better estimated using multiple stripe analysis (MSA) by selecting multiple hazard consistent record sets at different IMLs via, for example, conditional spectrum (CS) method. Still, IDA remains a popular tool, and would benefit from a single “good” set that would be more amenable to scaling with minimal bias. We explore alternatives of a “multi-level” CS (CSML) scheme, whereby the seismic properties of multiple IMLs are combined to derive a single set. Combined with advanced IMs, CSML provides a viable trade-off between the more accurate and complex method of CS–MSA versus the conceptually and practically simpler IDA.

Processed ground-motion records from induced earthquakes for use in engineering applications

We compile and process an electronic database of ground motions recorded on accelerometers and broadband seismographic instruments for induced earthquakes of M ≥ 4 at distances <50 km in central and eastern North America. Most of the data are from Oklahoma, with some records from Alberta. Our focus is on the subset of available records that are of most interest for engineering analyses aimed at evaluation of the potential hazards from induced events, which is a pressing issue in western Canada and other regions experiencing induced seismicity. We considered all records to 50 km for events of M ≥ 4.5. For events of M 4 to 4.5, we select records at close distance (<10 km), having good signal strength (PGA > ∼3%g), to allow high-quality time histories to be obtained. These records have strong signal-to-noise ratio, making them suitable for engineering applications, such as dynamic analysis, after proper scaling. The selected records are windowed, filtered, and instrument-corrected to compile a set of records having acceptable acceleration, velocity, and displacement time histories. The records and their response spectra are provided as an electronic supplement at http://www.seismotoolbox.ca/IS_Strong_Motions/ . We note that the record set is not suitable as a response spectra database for development of ground-motion prediction equations, because for M < 4.5 the record selection is biased to records with higher amplitudes. Rather, the intended use of the records is as seed records, which can be readily scaled in the time domain to approximately represent induced-event target scenarios for engineering applications.