Teaching case: the water I wear

Purpose: This case aims to enable students to learn about environmental impacts and their effects and allow them to use methods of economic valuation of the environment to internalize externalities related to environmental and social impacts. The product in question is widely used what can make students identify themselves with the case. Then, they will be more interested in the problem identified in this case which is the non-internalization of externalities (social and environmental impacts). Methodology: The methodology of this teaching case is qualitative. Students read, discuss and apply the subject. Upon reading the case, students learn the steps of the laundry washing process. Students can identify the direct and indirect environmental and social impacts and their consequences by reading and discussing the case. Finally, they can apply the methods of economic valuation of the environment. Results: It is possible to identify the social and environmental impacts and analyze and discuss these impacts on management and accounting. Study Contributions: We hope that people can use this teaching case in undergraduate and graduate courses in environment and sustainability topics and topics related to costs and management.

Grapeseed oil (Vitis Vinifera L.) treatment on polyester based fabrics to develop antibacterial and physiologically comfortable health-care and hygiene textiles

Healthcare and hygiene products in the medical sector uphold a prime responsibility to prevent the passage of bacteria or other harmful organisms from non-sterile to sterile areas. This has been currently possible with increased awareness and concern about the healthcare/ hospital textiles. Along with protection, various products are accommodated with several functional properties such as comfort, odor-free, and hygiene aspects. This manuscript presents an insight into the development of such textiles by application of the grapeseed oil (Vitis vinifera L.), a by-product of the winemaking industry. The fabric structures chosen for the study are relevant to the end uses of textile products in the medical applications such as 100% texturized polyester, 100% micro-polyester, polyester/viscose and polyester/cotton woven fabrics. All polyester fabric samples have been pre-treated with an optimized concentration of trichloroacetic acid-methylene chloride (TCA-MC) solvent and further treated with four different grapeseed oil concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The antibacterial and comfort properties of the treated fabric samples have been evaluated and analysed. The treated fabric samples show the substantial antibacterial activity of 48% and 39% respectively against S. aureus and E. coli bacteria after 50 home laundry washing cycles.

Laundry washing increases dispersal efficiency of cloth-dispersed propagules

Due to increased human mobility, cloth-dispersed propagules can be transported over long distances, which would not have been bridged otherwise. We studied a potentially important component of human-mediated seed dispersal by assessing the effects of laundry washing on the dispersed propagules. We studied the germination of 18 species, which have morphological adaptations for epizoochory and are commonly dispersed by people. We tested six treatments (washing with water, soap nut or detergent, at 30 °C or 60 °C) compared to an untreated control. Washing intensity was the most significant factor affecting germination. Washing at 30 °C was neutral for 14 species, suppressed one species and supported three species. Washing at 60 °C decreased seedling numbers of half of the studied species. The intensive washing treatments at 60 °C significantly decreased the synchrony of germination. We showed that people are not purely transporting propagules from one location to another, but via the laundry cycle, we can also influence the fate of the transported propagules by affecting germination potential, seedling fitness and germination dynamics. These results have new implications for understanding the early stages of biological invasions and call for improved biosecurity measures in nature reserves subjected to a growing pressure of tourism.

LAUNDRY WASHING MACHINE FOR CONSUMPTION OF CLOTHING, WATER AND ENERGY IN EGYPT

Consumption of clothing, water and energy by washing laundry is one of the most widespread housework in the Egypt. Today, washing machines do this work in many private households, using water, energy, chemical substances, and process time. Although energy efficiency is in the focus of many regulations which have already achieved significant improvements, the question remains, how relevant these processes are in terms of the absolute impact on resources and whether there are possibilities to improve even further by looking abroad. This survey, which is based on published data, compares the energy and water consumption for automatic laundry washing in an average private household with the total energy and water consumption of private households. Only little data are available on resource consumption for laundry washing based on in-use measurements are hard to obtain. But although some of the data in this report are poor, this is the first work that tries to elucidate the contribution of automatic laundry washing to the total energy and water consumption of households in selected countries North Africa. The report estimates the resource consumption of roughly about 37.72 Million only household washing machines in five countries (Egypt, Libya, Algeria Tunes, Morocco,) with about 188.6 Million people, which is about one third of the North Africa population. The results of this work show that laundry washing in private households is done with quite different amounts of energy and water in different parts of the North Africa both in absolute and relative comparison to the overall household consumption. But due to different consumer habits in dealing with the achieved washing performance in the different global regions, the best practice in washing laundry in a most sustainable way cannot be determined yet. Further research is needed to form a basis for a most sustainable development of resource consumption in Private households.

Pengaruh Tawas dan Waktu Pengadukan Terhadap Kadar Fosfat pada Limbah Cair Laundry di Martapura Kabupaten Banjar

Effect of Stirring Time Alum And Phosphate Levels In Liquid Waste Martapura Laundry In Central District. One of the wastes produced is phosphate. Disposal of waste which contains phosphates in the water can cause eutrophication processes in the aquatic environment. Therefore it needs proper methods for treating waste that contains a lot of laundry phosphate compounds that safely discharged into the environment. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of alum and alum stirring time on levels of phosphate in laundry wastewater XXX in Martapura, Banjar.This type of research is shaped Experimental research. Design The study design is randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The sample was liquid waste from the laundry XXX Laundry washing process that represents the entire population of data analysis using One Way ANOVA Test. The result of a decrease in the average levels of phosphate in sequence on each variation of stirring time, ie 92.7%; 99.6%; and 96.7%. The statistical test used is One Way Anova test. Based on an analysis using One Way ANOVA in the treatment group p-value (0.00

COMMUNITY CO-DESIGNED SCHISTOSOMIASIS CONTROL INTERVENTIONS FOR SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN IN ZANZIBAR

SummaryTop-down biomedical interventions to control schistosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa have had limited success, primarily because they fail to engage with the social, political, economic and ecological contexts in which they are delivered. Despite the call to foster community engagement and to adapt interventions to local circumstances, programmes have rarely embraced such an approach. This article outlines a community co-designed process, based upon Human-Centered Design, to demonstrate how this approach works in practice. It is based on initial work undertaken by social science researchers, public health practitioners and community members from the Zanzibar Islands, Tanzania, between November 2011 and December 2013. During the process, 32 community members participated in a qualitative and quantitative data-driven workshop where they interpreted data on local infections from S. haematobium and co-designed interventions with the assistance of a facilitator trained in the social sciences. These interventions included the implementation of novel school-based education and training, the identification of relevant safe play activities and events at local schools, the installation of community-designed urinals for boys and girls and the installation of community-designed laundry-washing platforms to reduce exposure to cercariae-contaminated fresh water. It is suggested that the a community co-designed process, drawing from Human-Centered Design principles and techniques, enables the development of more sustainable and effective interventions for the control of schistosomiasis.