Mathematical modelling of the selective intake process from the interior volume in a three-layer stratified reservoir

Проведено механико-математическое моделирование селективного водозаборного процесса в трехслойном стратифицированном водоеме, когда вода забирается из внутреннего объема промежуточного слоя водоема. Составленная математическая модель представляет контактную начально-краевую задачу теории поверхностных и внутренних гравитационных волн в идеальной несжимаемой жидкости. Водозабор из внутреннего пространства промежуточного слоя смоделирован в виде объемного стока с бесконечно малой толщиной и конечным сточным расходом. В результате решения поставленной начально-краевой задачи получена система расчетных формул, которая с привлечением компьютерных средств позволяет выбирать диаметр водозаборной трубы и расход через нее, вычислять отметку глу- бинного расположения конца водозаборной трубы. Выбор этих параметров обеспе- чивает селективный водозабор исключительно из промежуточного слоя, где вода чище и холоднее, чем в других слоях водоема. The purpose of this work is to carry out mathematical modelling of selective water intake process in a three-layer stratified reservoir, when the water is taken from the interior volume of the intermediate layer of the reservoir. In the methodology for solving the problem, the water intake from the interior volume of the intermediate layer is modelled as a finite flow rate drain of fluid trough an infinitely thin layer. The contact initial-boundary value problem of the theory of surface and internal gravitational waves in an ideal incompressible fluid is used as a mathematical model of the water intake process. As a result we obtain a system of calculation formulas for estimation of the diameter of water intake pipe and the flow rate through it. The depth mark of the end of the water intake pipe was calculated. Originality/value: 1. The boundary value problem simulating a selective water intake process from the internal volume of the intermediate layer of a three-layer stratified reservoir was formulated and solved. 2. On the basis of the obtained set of formulas, computer experiments were performed and thus the regularities of the influence of the above external input parameters on the process were established. 3. The choice of these parameters provides selective intake exclusively from the intermediate layer, where the water is cleaner than in the lower layer and colder in summer than in the upper layer.

Investigation of SR-BI gene rs4238001 and rs5888 polymorphisms prevalence and effects on Turkish patients with metabolic syndrome

AimMetabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with dyslipidemia such as hypertriglyceridemia and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is the transmembrane receptor that regulates selective intake of cholesterol esters by the liver and it binds to HDL with high affinity. This study was aimed to determine the effects of SR-BI gen variations upon proatherogenic and antiatherogenic lipid profiles in the patients with metabolic syndrome.MethodsThe patient group was consisted of 104 (30–65 years) male subjects who were diagnosed with MS and 100 healthy male subjects were included in control group. DNA was isolated from blood samples. SR-BI gene rs4238001 and rs5888 variants were examined by SNaPshot multiplexing system. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 considered as statistically significant.ResultsIt was found that SR-BI gene rs4238001 T allele increased the risk of metabolic syndrome 1.61 fold (p=0.02). Subjects with TT genotype 2.847 fold increased the risk of metabolic syndrome according to subjects with CC genotype (p=0.017).ConclusionsSR-BI rs4238001 variation may be related to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome.

JUSTIFICATION OF OPERATING CAPACITY OF SELECTIVE INTAKE STRUCTURE (FLEXIBLE TYPE) IN WINTER CONDITIONS

This article is devoted to justification of selective intake structure from reservoirs and rivers operating in winter conditions in the South of Russia, manufactured from polypropylene fabrics of various warp strength and high filtration characteristics weft used for detention of floating objects, alga, suspended sediments.

Prevalence of picky eating behavior and its impact on growth in preschool children

Background: Almost two-thirds of parents report one or more problems with their children’s eating. Although knowledge of the health-related outcomes of picky eating is limited due to a lack of longitudinal studies, research suggests that picky eating is associated with nutrient deficiency, underweight, behavioral problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Aim of present study was to assess the Parental perception and maternal strategies in solving feeding difficulties in relation with parenting style.Methods: The present cross sectional study conducted on 1652 parents of preschool children of 1-6 yrs age group. A structured parental questionnaire was administered to parents by Pediatricians based on Stanford feeding Questionnaire on Child- parent feeding.Results: About 58.9% of the children were found to be picky eaters. The prevalence is increasing with age and higher at 6 years age. The mean height and weight are seen affected significantly in picky eaters. Infantile Anorexia is the commonest type of Feeding difficulties, followed by Highly selective intake category. Commonest Parenting style is Authoritarian type, followed by Permissive parenting.Conclusions: As the prevalence of picky eating behaviour is increasing with age, causing parental anxiety and conflict in the family, disrupting parent child bonding, Paediatricians should be thoroughly equipped with knowledge of different Feeding difficulties and their specific management and help parents in doing their best by correcting their parenting style.

Specific Features of Water Quality Regulation In Process of its Selective Abstraction from Reservoirs

Issues of effectiveness enhancement of the water selective intake for solution of drinking water supply problems with the Perm Chusovaya water intake as a study case have been discussed. Abstraction of water with the best consumption properties is of significant interest in the case of stable vertical water mass stratification. If water with the required properties locates in the upper layers establishment of bottom barriers around water intake head walls to cut off water intake from near-bottom layers is the most effective tool. At this the barrier parameters are to be determined by both the taken water volume and the height of the “discontinuous jump layer” position that define the water mass boundary. The barrier parameters are to be in accordance with the currently active Rules of Reservoirs Exploitation. Field and computation experiments have been carried out to elaborate the technique of stable intake of water with the required consumption properties. A series of computation experiments on impact of water intake amount on the taken water quality has been carried out in 3D with ANSYS Fluent package of computation hydrodynamics. The task was solved within the frameworks of non-stationary isothermal approach. Conclusions concerning both water quality enhancements in the conditions of significant chemical/physical properties’ heterogeneity by depth and provision of effective and stable operation of selective water intake have been obtained.

Distinctive Features of Organization of Dispersing Discharge Outlets for Excessive Brines Disposal to Water Bodies

Potassium ore concentration schemes are connected with formation of excessive brines with subsequent problems with their utilization. The paper deals with distinctive features of the controlled discharge organization for the conditions of the Kama Reservoir (the Kama River) in the vicinity of the Solikamsk-Berezniki industrial agglomeration. As a result of investigations the trends of the Kama River water content alterations in the Solikamsk-Berezniki industrial agglomeration area have been found and calculation of the Kama River potential assimilating capacity as a possible waste water recipient has been carried out. The main principles of the dispersing discharge organization as well as various designing options of the high-mineralized waste (excess brines produced in potassium raw material concentration process) disposal have been discussed. Adjustment of the principal designing solutions has been performed on the basis of 3D computing experiments. Hydrodynamic simulation has been done in the two-dimension version in order to analyze possible pollution zones created by waste water discharge. Advantages and disadvantages of each option have been compared. We concluded that the structures involving surface discharge of high-mineralized waste water were the most effective but difficult to implement in the conditions of the water reservoir section under consideration. The scheme with close-to-bottom location of the outlet in combination with selective intake of brines from a sludge dump was considered the most easily implemented and effective enough. Irrespective of the chosen scheme of high-mineralized waste water disposal they should be discharged with a strict coordination with the water recipient hydrological regime. This will enable to use the water body assimilating capacity thoroughly and to reduce the environmental load.

Estimation of hypolimnetic discharge on improvement of water quality and control of phytoplankton blooms in yamaguchi reservoir

Sakai water purification plant (Sakai WPP) and Higashi-murayama water purification plant (Higashi-murayama WPP) take water from Yamaguchi reservoir (20 m-effective depth) by Intake tower No.1 and No. 2. Yamaguchi reservoir, refilled with water after seismic reinforcement to the dam body, started its operation again in 2002. In the spring of 2004 and 2005, massive blooms of Asterionella spp. and Fragilaria crotonensis (diatoms) occurred, which resulted in sharp decreases in filtration capacity of Sakai WPP, taking slow sand filtration. Results of water analysis for the reservoir between 2003 and 2004 indicated that nutrients eluted from sediments during stratification periods were utilized for the blooms in the following springs. Since intake gates at five different depths enable us to conduct selective intake, we conducted hypolimnestic discharge; while Sakai WPP continued taking water with low turbidity and phytoplankton production, the lowest gates of Intake tower No.1 were also slightly opened in the middle of 2005. In April 2006, the lowest gate of Intake tower No. 2 was fully opened instead of the upper ones. Consequently, the scale of spring diatom blooms reduced after 2006. Nevertheless, rise in turbidity increased T-P, which resulted in massive blooms of Synedra spp. (diatoms) in 2009 when the water level was lowered to 8 m. This illustrated that this operation of the selective intake was not effective for conservation of the reservoir at low water levels.