A Procedure for Placing Shunt Reactors in High-Voltage Networks and Justification of its Efficiency

In recent years, the controlled shunt reactor (CSR), a type of FACTS device, has been widely used to regulate voltage and reactive power flows in the high-voltage electrical network. The selection of location and the determination of the law of CSR control under the stochastically variable operation of high-voltage power transmission lines are associated with numerous technical and economic factors. At the same time, one should take into account such limiting conditions as ease of use, performance, purpose, and location in the system, as well as the time of commissioning. In the proposed procedure, these factors are considered as fuzzy constraints. The paper proposes a procedure for CSR placement in the 330 kV electrical network of the “Azerenergy” system for control of reactive power flows, given the mentioned fuzzy constraints. The obtained simulation results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed procedure. The computational experiments confirm the CSR efficiency.

Controlled Shunt Reactor for UHVAC System Reactive Power Control

Background: In this paper, a novel technique for reactive power management of the Ultra High Voltage (UHV) lines having voltage level of 1200 kV line and above is suggested. The UHV power grid has to frequently face the problems associated with the power- frequency and switching over-voltages. Methods: The technique involves the use of three-phase UHV Transformers as a Controlled Shunt Reactor (CSR) in combination with the use of a fixed reactor. The performance of the UHV AC transmission line is studied using PSCAD software and working of CSR is evaluated. Results: Standard parameters of the proposed Wardha-Aurangabad 1200 kV transmission line in India are considered for simulation model. The use of CSR has been found to be effective in mitigating system problems. Conclusion: The system can be used for maintaining voltage profile, resulting in enhancement of the reliability of the UHV transmission system.

Modelling and Design of a Low-Level Turn-to-Turn Fault Protection Scheme for Extra-High Voltage Magnetically Controlled Shunt Reactor

The objective of this paper is to model and design a low-level turn-to-turn fault (T2TF) protection scheme for a magnetically controlled shunt reactor (MCSR), during incipient stage under 10% to 100% operating capacity. Due to the structural and functional differences of all the three windings in extra-high voltage (EHV) MCSR, a separate mechanism of detecting a T2TF in each winding is necessary. For this purpose, a detailed mathematical and structural analysis of the model is performed, and a comprehensive protection scheme based on the internal changes in magnetic and electric parameters of the windings is formulated to detect 3% T2TF in power windings (PWs), control windings (CtrWs), compensation windings (CpWs), and to differentiate it from other abnormalities. The main idea of the scheme is to perform the currents magnitude comparison of respective winding with the predefined settings values and decide necessary action. The proposed scheme is also capable of identifying the faulty winding along with faulty phase. The scheme is tested under different operating capacities (10%, 50%, 100%), and other types of unusual conditions, i.e., direct energization, pre-excited energization, power regulation, internal and external faults. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The work of this paper is applicable in the areas of power system transmission and power system protection. The simulations are carried out on MATLAB/Simulink-based models.