Molecular Characterization of Fungal Pigments

The industrial application of pigments of biological origin has been gaining strength over time, which is mainly explained by the increased interest of the consumer for products with few synthetic additives. So, the search for biomolecules from natural origin has challenged food scientists and technologists to identify, develop efficient and less consuming strategies for extraction and characterization of biopigments. In this task, elucidation of molecular structure has become a fundamental requirement, since it is necessary to comply with compound regulatory submissions of industrial sectors such as food, pharmaceutical agrichemicals, and other new chemical entity registrations. Molecular elucidation consists of establishing the chemical structure of a molecule, which allows us to understand the interaction between the natural additive (colorant, flavor, antioxidant, etc) and its use (interaction with the rest of the mixture of compounds). Elucidation of molecular characteristics can be achieved through several techniques, the most common being infrared spectroscopy (IR), spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), nuclear-resonance spectroscopy (MAGNETIC MRI), and mass spectrometry. This review provides the details that aid for the molecular elucidation of pigments of fungal origin, for a viable and innocuous application of these biopigments by various industries.

Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Alternaria Mycotoxins Using a Whole-Cell Biotransformation System

Reference standards for Alternaria mycotoxins are rarely available, especially the modified mycotoxins alternariol-3-glucoside (AOH-3-G), alternariol-9-glucoside (AOH-9-G), and alternariol monomethylether-3-glucoside (AME-3-G). To obtain these three glucosides as analytical standards for method development and method validation, alternariol and alternariol monomethylether were enzymatically glycosylated in a whole-cell biotransformation system using a glycosyltransferase from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), namely UGT71A44, expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The formed glucosides were isolated, purified, and structurally characterized. The exact amount of the isolated compounds was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection (HPLC-UV) and quantitative nuclear resonance spectroscopy (qNMR). This method has proved to be highly effective with biotransformation rates of 58% for AOH-3-G, 5% for AOH-9-G, and 24% for AME-3-G.

Anti-Bacterial Effect and Cytotoxicity Assessment of Lipid 430 Isolated from Algibacter sp.

Two bacterial isolates from the Barents Sea, both belonging to the genus Algibacter, were found to yield extracts with anti-bacterial bioactivity. Mass spectrometry guided dereplication and purification of the active extracts lead to the isolation of the same active principle in both extracts. The structure of the bioactive compound was identified via mass spectrometry and nuclear resonance spectroscopy and it turned out to be the known lipopeptide Lipid 430. We discovered and determined its previously unknown anti-bacterial activity against Streptococcus agalactiae and revealed a cytotoxic effect against the A2058 human melanoma cell line at significantly lower concentrations compared to its anti-bacterial concentration. Flow cytometry and microscopy investigations of the cytotoxicity against the melanoma cell line indicated that Lipid 430 did not cause immediate cell lysis. The experiments with melanoma cells suggest that the compound functions trough more complex pathways than acting as a simple detergent.

Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Jatropha Oil Based Polyurethanes Using Modified Sesame Oil as Cross-Linker Containing Different NCO Groups with Improved Thermal Stability

In this work, the modified S-diol were prepared from sesame oil to produce polyol. The thermal responsive vegetable oil-based polyurethane was prepared by polycondensation method. The different diisocyanate react with jatropha-sesame oil polyol to produce higher density with molecular weight of polyurethanes structure and functionality were characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy, proton nuclear resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The thermal analysis was carried with TG analysis. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters was calculated by TGA decomposition temperature and compared with PU-1, PU-2 and PU-3. Furthermore, the corresponding decomposition temperature of polyurethanes activation energy were calculated by Coats-Redfern, Sharp-Wentworth and Freeman-Carols methods, and it is investigated with lifetime of polyurethanes. Depending on the physically observed NH and C=O linkages of polyurethane matrix, which enhancing the hard and soft segment to improve their chain mobility. The success of the investigated polyurethanes, the corresponding estimated enthalpy, entropy and pre-exponential factors are much closer with toluene and phenyl based polyurethane matrix

High thermal stability of aliphatic polyurethanes prepared from sesame and peanut oil and their kinetic parameters

Thermo-responsive vegetable oil-based polyurethanes were successfully prepared by poly-condensation reaction in the mixture of polyol and hexamethylene diisocynate. The functionality and high molecular weight of the polyurethanes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H NMR), Carbon Nuclear Resonance Spectroscopy (13C NMR), and Gel Permeation Chromatography. The viscosity of the polyols was characterized by Rheometry and flow rate of the polyols were derived from power law model. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of synthesized polyurethanes HSCP and HPCP were calculated from by TG curve. Five different mass loss temperature was obtained in the TGA curve of HSCP and HPCP, which corresponded to the decomposition of the physically observed NH and C=O formed between polyol and diisocyanate, respectively. The average value of the activation energy calculated by Murray and White, Coats and Redfern, Doyle’s, and Freeman-Carroll’s method. The success of the investigated different vegetable oil-based polyurethanes, in comparison with the activation energy of the Freeman-Carroll’s method to determine the thermal stability and the lifetime prediction of the peanut and sesame oil-based polyurethanes is 1.87×105 and 1.27×104 s-1.

PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE NMR SPECTRA OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCE«OOSE-11,12,13»

Objective: The main issue of this work is obtained, to researching of supramolecular complexes of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20 E) with γ-cyclodextrins (CD).Methods: The foundation of substance phytoecdysteroid 20 E was isolated from an ethanol extract plant Otites orae-syvaschicae Klok A method of the development of pharmaceutical substances was used during complexed organic relationship in the way of intense mechanical 20 E with α-, β- or γ-СD. The complexation of 20 E with α-, β-, and γ-СD was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method of spectrResults: In the study of the integrated intensities molecules signals steroid guest and host CD complex stoichiometric ratio 1:1 was prformation of clathrates was established after A and B nuclei ecdysterone had been arranged in the internal cavity of CD.Сonclusion: Supramolecular complexes of 20 E with α-, β-, and γ-СD were received during made works. The objects of research were analdescribed with the help of NMR spectroscopy. The developed technology will be the main device for operating and identification of pharmaceuticalsubstance OOSE-11, -12, and -13.Keywords: Substance Otites orae-syvaschicae Klok-11, -12, -13, 20-hydroxyecdysone, α-, β-, γ-cyclodextrins inclusion complex nuclear resonance spectroscopy.