A A Rare Case of a Metastatic Basal Cell Carcinoma

Background: Basal cell carcinomas are malignant slow-growing neoplasms of the epidermal layer of the skin. They are the most common form of skin cancer, accounting for 80% of non-melanoma skin cancers. Metastasis is rare with an incidence rate of 0.0028 to 0.55%. We report a case of an 83 year old male presenting with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the right cheek. The tumour was completely excised with close margins. The patient was closely monitored clinically and on follow-up, a mass in the region of the right parotid was identified. Excision of the tail of the right parotid identified a tumour with similar subtype to the primary tumour excised from the cheek confirming diagnosis of metastatic BCC. Methods: A literature search was carried out inclusive of the terms identify existing data and guidelines to determine best evidence based practice. Discussion: Literature search identified aetiology of BCCs and methods of diagnosis and treatment. The search also highlighted an incidence rate of 0.0028 to 0.55% and complications associated with metastasis. The patient underwent a course of radiotherapy as surgery in this case was contraindicated due to history of excision of the parotid tail. Risk factors for developing BCCs include intermittent sun exposure, ionising radiation, genetic predisposition and immunosuppression. Metastases occurs via the lymphatic system or haematogenously. Surgery is the main form of treatment and aims to be curative.

Keratinocytic Cancers - Ambulatory Surgical Approach: Case Series

The Keratinocytic cancer is the most common form of skin cancer and the most common cancer in humans. Predisposing risk factors include ultraviolet radiation, genetic predisposition, chronic immune suppression, smoking, which also determines the risk groups - middle and old age, light skin phenotype, outdoor work and frequent sunburns. The origin of the epidermal cell type determines the clinical division of keratinocytic cancer into basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Clinically, keratinocytic cancer is presented as a solitary, sometimes destructive, growing-sized lesion. The most lesions are characterized by a low degree of malignancy. Neglecting them by both the patient and medical professionals leads to their growth and metastasis, as SCC has a higher potential for metastasis. The main place in the treatment of keratinocytic cancer is the surgical method, and the most common in clinical practice is the so called elliptical excision. The gold standard in hardto-reach places is the Mohs micrographic operation. In this publication we present eleven clinical cases of patients with keratinocytic cancers in different topographic regions of the human body. Patients were treated surgically by elliptical excision and complete removal of tumor formations in accordance with the recommended fields of surgical safety. The defects were closed with single skin sutures and the sutures were removed on the 14th postoperative day. No complications were observed in the postoperative period. Keywords: Keratinocytic Cancer; Basal Cell Carcinoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Elliptical Excision; Dermatosurgery

Daily predictions of solar radiation utilizing genetic programming techniques

<span>The solar radiation prediction in Kuala Terengganu located in Terengganu, Malaysia was investigated in this study to improve the solar system design. Solar radiation data and number of parameters such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, wind speed and sunshine hours were obtained from Malaysian Meteorological Malaysia MMD. In order to predict the solar radiation, Genetic Programming Techniques (GP) models were develop and tested. Two scenarios were considered in this study in order to validate the efficiency of the proposed model. Coefficients of determination (R2) for the solar radiation during training and testing phases were ranged between 0.99402 to 0.98934 for all months of the year. This study confirms the ability of GP to predict solar radiation values precisely and accurately. The predictions from the GP models could enable scientists to locate <br /> and design solar energy systems in Malaysia.</span>

PEMANFAATAN RADIASI GAMMA Co-60 DALAM PEMULIAAN TANAMAN TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) DENGAN METODE MUTAGEN FISIK

A research on Co-60 gamma radiation effect of induced mutation in physiological growth of tomato plant (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.) has been done. Tomato plant quality can be improved through induced mutation Co-60 gamma radiation. Genetic change could be caused by induced mutation from radioactive material as a human effort. IRPASENA plant with Co-60 gamma radiation source exposed with dosage treatment of 50 Gy, 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy and 250 Gy in tomato seeds. The measurement carried out against the physiological growth of plant height, leaves width, amount and weight of tomato fruits at the first week until harvest time. Result shows that the correct radiation dosage for tomato breeding is 100 Gy. Radioactivity concentration in improved tomato fruits after radiation exposure is less than 1.00 Bq/kg. Vitamins content on improved tomato fruits after exposure, particularly on vitamin C is 130.000 mg/kg compared to control fruit that is 70.000 mg/kg, the vitamin B1 also shows increased value (0.63 mg/kg) compared with control fruit (0.496%).

Molecular markers for prediction of risk of radiation-related injury to normal tissue

Radiotherapy is one of the most effective methods for the treatment of cancer, but occurrence of adverse reactions developing in the co-irradiated normal tissue can be a threat for patients. Identification of individuals at risk of severe reaction is very difficult and considerable efforts have been made to correlate normal tissue toxicity with cellular responses to ionizing radiation. Genetic markers enabling to identify hyper-sensitive patients prior to treatment would considerably improve its outcome. Gene association studies should help to identify such markers. Expression levels of specific transcripts could be putative markers; in fact different studies found associations between gene expression profiles in normal cells and the reaction of normal tissues to radiation therapy. The finding that ionizing radiation induces the deregulation of a high number of genes suggests that also microRNAs that affect the expression of a large number of target genes may be involved. This review briefly introduces the mechanisms of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity and summarizes clinical research focused on the evaluation of molecular biomarkers for predicting risk of injury to normal tissue, mainly describing gene transcripts alterations.

Transgenic analysis of the cSOD-null phenotypic syndrome in Drosophila

Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (cSOD) is an enzyme of critical importance for the inactivation of superoxide radicals generated by cellular metabolic processes. A phenotypic syndrome has been characterized for homozygotes for a null mutation of the Drosophila cSOD gene, many features of which may be relevant to current studies of cSOD mutations in mammals. However, it was possible that some of the features of this syndrome were at least partially attributable to genetic background differences between control and mutant strains. The results reported in this paper document that the previously described features of the cSOD-null phenotype, namely (i) adult sensitivity to paraquat, (ii) male sterility, (iii) female semisterility, (iv) adult life-span reduction, (v) adult hyperoxia sensitivity, (vi) larval radiation sensitivity, and (vii) developmental sensitivity to glutathione depletion, are all rescued by a cSOD+ transgene in a controlled cSOD-null genetic background. This clearly confirms that the phenotype is largely attributable to the cSOD mutation per se. We describe two new features of the cSOD-null phenotype, namely (viii) adult sensitivity to glutathione depletion, and (ix) adult sensitivity to ionizing radiation, which are ameliorated by the cSOD+ transgene. The distinct sensitivity of cSOD-deficient individuals, and the uniform resistance of the cSOD+ control strains, clearly establish the requirement for cSOD in protection against intrinsic and applied oxygen stress and set the stage for tissue-specific expression studies with the goal of elucidating the critical target(s) of damage in cSOD-deficient animals.Key words: Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, oxygen defense, glutathione, ionizing radiation, genetic background.