An Adaptive Search Budget Allocation Approach for Search-Based Test Case Generation

Search-based techniques have been successfully used to automate test case generation. Such approaches allocate a fixed search budget to generate test cases aiming at maximizing code coverage. The search budget plays a crucial role; due to the hugeness of the search space, the higher the assigned budget, the higher the expected coverage. Code components have different structural properties that may affect the ability of search-based techniques to achieve a high coverage level. Thus, allocating a fixed search budget for all the components is not recommended and a component-specific search budget should be preferred. However, deciding the budget to assign to a given component is not a trivial task. In this article, we introduce Budget Optimization for Testing (BOT), an approach to adaptively allocate the search budget to the classes under test. BOT requires information about the branch coverage that will be achieved on each class with a given search budget. Therefore, we also introduce BRANCHOS, an approach that predicts coverage in a budget-aware way. The results of our experiments show that (i) BRANCHOS can approximate the branch coverage in time with a low error, and (ii) BOT can significantly increase the coverage achieved by a test generation tool and the effectiveness of generated tests.

OPTIMASI BIAYA PEMELIHARAAN

The performance of the irrigation system management in Riau Province has not shown an optimal irrigation management function and irrigation conditions and functions due to budget constraints that have an impact on the performance of one of the irrigation areas in this province, namely the Uwai irrigation area. The purpose of this research is to get the performance value of the irrigation network system in the Uwai irrigation area and get budget optimization in the Uwai irrigation area. The results showed that the greatest assessment of damage to physical conditions in the Uwai irrigation network was found in the carrier channel RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 left, which was 40% of the total channels and buildings and the smallest functional condition assessment in the Uwai irrigation network. found on channel RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 left, which is 75% so that this channel is only able to serve 85.5 Ha from 342 Ha, 71 Ha from 284 Ha, 59.5 Ha from 238 Ha, 36.75 Ha of 147 Ha to be served. Abstrak Kinerja Pengelolaan sistem irigasi Provinsi Riau belum menunjukkan fungsi manajemen irigasi dan kondisi serta fungsi irigasi yang optimal akibat adanya keterbatasan anggaran yang ada sehingga berdampak pada kinerja salah satu daerah irigasi di provinsi ini yaitu daerah irigasi Uwai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapat nilai kinerja sistem jaringan irigasi pada daerah irigasi Uwai dan mendapat optimalisasi anggaran pada daerah irigasi Uwai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Penilaian kerusakan kondisi fisik di jaringan irigasi Uwai paling besar terdapat pada saluran pembawa RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 kiri, yaitu sebesar 40% dari keseluruhan saluran dan bangunan dan penilaian kondisi fungsional di jaringan irigasi Uwai yang paling kecil terdapat pada saluran RU 4, RU 5, RU 6, RU 7 kiri yaitu sebesar 75% sehingga pada saluran ini hanya mampu melayani 85.5 Ha dari 342 Ha, 71 Ha dari 284 Ha, 59,5 Ha dari 238 Ha, 36,75 Ha dari 147 Ha yang harus dilayani.

A Decision Analytics Model to Optimize Investment in Interventions Targeting the PrEP Cascade of Care

ABSTRACTBackgroundGaps between recommended and actual levels of HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remain among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. Interventions can address these gaps within a PrEP cascade framework. However, it is unknown how public health initiatives like the Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) plan should invest prevention funds into these interventions to maximize their population impact.MethodsWe used a stochastic network-based HIV transmission model for MSM in the Atlanta area paired with an economic budget optimization model. The model simulated MSM particpating in up to three real-world PrEP cascade interventions designed to improve initiation, adherence, or persistence. The primary outcome was infections averted over 10 years. The budget optimization model identified the investment combination under different budgets that maximized this outcome given intervention costs from a payer perspective.ResultsFrom the base 15% PrEP coverage level, the three interventions could increase coverage to 27%, resulting in 12.3% of infections averted over 10 years. Uptake of each intervention was interdependent: maximal use of the adherence and persistence interventions depended on new PrEP users generated by the initiation intervention. At lower budgets, investment entirely in the persistence intervention was optimal. As the budget increased, optimal investment strategy involved a mixture of the initiation and persistence interventions, but not the adherence intervention. However, if adherence intervention costs were halved, the optimal investment distribution was roughly equal across interventions at the highest budget level.ConclusionsInvestments into the PrEP cascade through initiatives like the EHE plan should account for the interactions of the interventions as they are collectively deployed. Optimal funding depends on measuring service capacity against user demand. Given current intervention efficacy estimates, the total population impact of each intervention may be improved with greater total budgets or reduced intervention costs.

Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Satellite Communication Link Budget Optimization

In fast changing global Socio-economic development satellite communication act as backbone. Satellite connects one point to other point of earth. It provide communication capabilities spanning long distance & also in circumstances where other form of communication is inoperable. It is now used in controlling Power distribution & transmission with the support of supervisory control and Data acquisition system (SCADA). Satellite communication (SATCOM) increased the modernity and advancement of communication path. In this research, Cuckoo search algorithm improves the link budget performance in satellite communication system by the optimization. The effective cuckoo search algorithms find the parameters that provide the maximum (or minimum) value of a target function.