Convective Heat Transfer of a Hybrid Nanofluid over a Nonlinearly Stretching Surface with Radiation Effect

The flow of the hybrid nanofluid (copper–titanium dioxide/water) over a nonlinearly stretching surface was studied with suction and radiation effect. The governing partial differential equations were then converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations by using proper similarity transformations. Therefore, these equations were solved by applying a numerical technique, namely Chebyshev pseudo spectral differentiation matrix. The results of the flow field, temperature distribution, reduced skin friction coefficient and reduced Nusselt number were deduced. It was found that the rising of the mass flux parameter slows down the velocity and, hence, decreases the temperature. Further, on enlarging the stretching parameter, the velocity and temperature increases and decreases, respectively. In addition, it was mentioned that the radiation parameter can effectively control the thermal boundary layer. Finally, the temperature decreases when the values of the temperature parameter increases.

Numerical Analysis of the Flow of a Casson Fluid in Magnetic Field over an Inclined Nonlinearly Stretching Surface with Velocity Slip in a Forchheimer Porous Medium

In this work, we have studied a magnetohydrodynamic, Casson fluid flow with velocity slip over an inclined nonlinearly stretching surface in Non-Darcy porous medium, numerically. In the mathematical model, we have transformed the momentum equation, energy equation and mass concentration equations to non-dimensional ordinary differential equations using similarity variables. We have solved the equations numerically by bvp4c using MATLAB for the numerical computation, and took and axes so that figures are clearly visible. We have discussed and analysed the magnitude of the velocity, temperature, concentration, Local Skin friction, Local Nusselt number and Local Sherwood number using their representative parameters and the effects of these parameters on the respective boundary layer regions using graphs, figures and tables.

Physical aspects of Darcy-Forchheimer bidirectional flow in carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs)

Purpose This paper aims to examine the three-dimensional (3D) flow of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to bidirectional nonlinearly stretching surface by considering porous medium. Characteristics of both single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs are discussed by considering Xue model. Darcy–Forchheimer model is used for flow saturating porous medium. Design/methodology/approach Optimal homotopy analysis method is used for the development of series solutions. Findings The authors deal with 3D Darcy–Forchheimer flow of CNTs over a nonlinearly stretching surface. Heat transport mechanism is discussed in the presence of Xue model. The homogeneous and heterogeneous effects are also accounted. The mathematical modeling is computed using boundary-layer approximations. Originality/value No such work has been done yet in the literature.

On Model for Three-Dimensional Flow of Nanofluid With Heat and Mass Flux Boundary Conditions

The present paper examines magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three-dimensional (3D) flow of viscous nanoliquid in the presence of heat and mass flux conditions. A bidirectional nonlinearly stretching surface has been employed to create the flow. Heat and mass transfer attribute analyzed via thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion aspects. Viscous liquid is electrically conducted subject to applied magnetic field. Problem formulation is made through the boundary layer approximation under small magnetic Reynolds number. Appropriate transformations yield the strong nonlinear ordinary differential system. The obtained nonlinear system has been solved for the convergent homotopic solutions. Effects of different pertinent parameters with respect to temperature and concentration are sketched and discussed. The coefficients of skin friction and heat and mass transfer rates are computed numerically.