PERAN KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA TERHADAP KEBERAGAMAN DAN GERAKAN SEPARATISME DI INDONESIA

Abstrak Keberagaman merupakan suatu keadaan dalam masyarakat yang memiliki banyak perbedaan dalam berbagai bidang, baik dalam bidang adat istiadat, agama, budaya hingga strata sosial. Indonesia yang memiliki ribuan pulau tentu saja memiliki banyak keberagaman yang unik, namun masih banyak kasus-kasus keberagaman yang menimbulkan sebuah konflik, baik konflik antar etnis bahkan hingga gerakan pemberontakan terhadap negara atau yang biasa kita sebut gerakan separatis. Keberagaman ini bisa dipersatukan bukan hanya dengan semboyan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, melainkan diikuti dengan penerapan ilmu komunikasi antarbudaya yang baik. Menerapkan konsep komunikasi antarbudaya dan menjadikannya salah satu pedoman dalam kehidupan sehari-hari di tengah keberagaman. Di dalam tulisan ini dideskripsikan konsep serta teori komunikasi antarbudaya yang relevan dengan pembahasan yang bertujuan agar kita dapat memahami bagaimana mengatasi keberagaman yang sudah pasti terjadi di lingkungan dalam bermasyarakat agar tidak kembali terulang peristiwa-peristiwa yang telah terjadi di masa lalu. Abstract Diversity is a condition in society that has many differences in various fields, both in the fields of customs, religion, culture to social strata. Indonesia, which has thousands of islands, of course, has a lot of unique diversity, but there are still many cases of diversity that lead to a conflict, both inter-ethnic conflicts and even uprising movements against the state or what we call separatist movements. This diversity can be united not only with the motto of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika but also followed by the application of good intercultural communication. Applying the concept of intercultural communication and making it one of the guidelines in everyday life in diversity. This paper describes the concepts and theories of intercultural communication that are relevant to the discussion, which aims to make us understand how to overcome the diversity that is certain to occur in the environment in society so as not to repeat events that have occurred in the past.

LO91: Repeat exposures to culprit drugs contribute to adverse drug events in emergency department patients

Introduction: Adverse drug events (ADEs), unintended and harmful events associated with medications, cause or contribute to 2 million annual emergency department (ED) visits in Canada. Australian data indicate that 27% of ADEs requiring admission are events caused by re-exposure to drugs that previously caused harm. Our objective was to estimate the frequency of repeat ADEs. Methods: We reviewed the charts of ADE patients who had been enrolled in 1 of 3 prospective studies conducted in 2 tertiary care and 1 urban community ED. In the parent studies, researchers enrolled patients by applying a systematic selection algorithm to minimize selection bias, and physicians and pharmacists evaluated patients prospectively to evaluate the causal association between the drug regimens and patient presentations. After completion of the parent studies, a research pharmacist and a physician independently reviewed the charts of ADE patients, abstracted data using electronic forms, and searched that hospital’s records for previously recorded ADEs. The main outcome was a repeat ADE, defined as a same or same-class drug re-exposure, or repeat inappropriate drug withdrawal, causing a same or similar presentation as a prior ADE. Sample size was based on enrolment into the parent studies. Results: We reviewed the charts of 614 ED patients diagnosed with 655 ADEs. Of these, 20% (133/665, 95%CI 17.0-23.0%) were repeat events. Most repeat ADEs were moderate (61%) or severe (32%) in nature, and 33% (95%CI 25.1-41.1%) required hospital admission. The most commonly implicated drugs were warfarin (10%), hydrochlorothiazide (4%) and insulin (4%), and the most commonly implicated drug classes were antithrombotics (17%), psychotropics (12%) and analgesics (9%). Repeat ADEs commonly required clinical monitoring (59%), additional medications to treat the ADE (50%) and follow-up lab testing (35%). Overall, 61% (95%CI 51.3-70.7%) of culprit drug re-exposures were deemed potentially or definitely inappropriate. Conclusion: Inappropriate re-exposures to previously harmful medications cause a substantial number of recurrent ADEs, and may represent an ideal target for prevention. We were unable to search for repeat ADEs in the records of other hospitals that our patients may have visited, and could not detect ADEs that were not documented in the medical record. As a result, we likely underestimated the frequency of repeat ADEs.

One Reduction Method of Telecommunications Nework Events

In this paper, the mass events of telecommunication network are researched, the none fault events reduction method and repeat events reduction method are proposed after researching the events of telecommunications network, on the basis of researching the characteristics of the events of telecommunications network, the improved methods were proposed. Further, in the aspect of event reduction performance, proposed the fingerprint algorithm, the events reduction process of inefficient much text comparison convert efficient integer value comparison, effectively improve the performance of the event reduction, meets real-time event handling performance requirements.

The Importance of Early Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Patients

INTRODUCTION Early carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in symptomatic patients may prevent repeat cerebral events. This study investigates the relationship between waiting time for CEA and the incidence of repeat cerebral events prior to surgery in symptomatic patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective database of consecutive patients undergoing CEA between January 2002 and December 2006 was reviewed. Repeat event rates prior to surgery were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and predictive factors identified using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 118 patients underwent CEA for non-disabling stroke, TIA and amaurosis fugax. Repeat cerebral events occurred in 34 of 118 (29%) patients at a median 51 days (range, 2–360 days) after the first event. The estimated risk of repeat events was 2% at 7 days and 9% at 1 month after first event (Kaplan–Meier survival analysis). Age (HR 1.059; 95% CI 1.014–1.106; P = 0.009] was identified as a predictor of repeat events. Patients underwent surgery at median 97 days (range, 7–621 days) after the first event. Eleven of 60 (18%) patients waiting ≤?97 days for surgery and 23 of 58 (40%) patients waiting >?97 days had repeat events. (P = 0.011, chi-squared test). CONCLUSIONS Delays in surgery should be reduced in order to minimise repeat cerebral events in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis, particularly in the elderly population.