Аpplicаtiоn оf geоinfоrmаtiоn technоlоgies tо creаte hypsоmetric mаp оf the Lisinsky reseаrch аnd trаining grоund

Разработана методика составления и анализа гипсометрических карт на основе применения геоинформационных технологий. Установлено, что высоты над уровнем моря на изучаемой территории составляют от 34 до 102 м; наблюдается постепенное общее снижение высоты в направлении от северо-запада к юго-востоку, как и течение большинства протекающих здесь рек. Проведен статистический анализ полученных результатов, определено распределение площадей изучаемой территории по высоте над уровнем моря, показано, что участки с высотами 60–75 м над уровнем моря занимают более 52% всей изучаемой площади. Предложенная методика составления и анализа гипсометрических карт с помощью цифрового моделирования рельефа и ГИС-технологий может служить инструментом современного ландшафтного анализа. Методика позволяет формировать динамичную и наглядную систему представления пространственных данных о ландшафтах. Ряд операций (построение горизонталей, определение площадей, выполнение статистических расчетов, представление карт) при этом выполняется значительно эффективнее, чем при традиционной «ручной» обработке. Гипсометрические карты, представленные средствами ГИС, позволяют выполнять разносторонний анализ изучаемой территории совместно с другими пространственными данными (материалами дистанционного зондирования Земли, лесными картами, геоинформационными данными лесоустройства). Такой анализ может использоваться для оценки ландшафтных характеристик изучаемой территории, выявления и уточнения природных рубежей, планирования хозяйственных мероприятий на основе ландшафтного подхода. Например, переклассификация слоя гипсометрической карты с разным шагом (5, 10, 20 м и т. д.) позволяет уточнять границы ландшафтных фаций и урочищ. Набор пространственных данных, включая гипсометрические карты, может использоваться для составления и представления ландшафтно-морфологических карт. Ландшафтно-морфологические карты являются многолетней научной основой ведения разнонаправленного хозяйства и природопользования на изучаемой территории. Они могут служить основой мониторинга состояния, использования лесов и лесных земель. На основе ландшафтно-морфологических карт можно вести непрерывную оценку и инвентаризацию природных ресурсов: земельных, воздушных, водных, растительных и животных популяций. The article develops a methodology for the compilation and analysis of hypsometric maps based on the use of geoinformation technologies. It is established that the heights above sea level in the studied area are from 34 to 102 m, there is a gradual general decrease in altitude in the direction from the northwest to the southeast, as well as the flow of most of the rivers flowing here. The statistical analysis of the obtained results, the distribution of areas in the study area height above sea level, it is shown that the areas with altitudes of 60-75 m above sea level is more than 52% of all the studied area. The proposed method of drawing up and analyzing hypsometric maps using digital terrain modeling and GIS technologies can serve as a tool for modern landscape analysis. The method allows you to create a dynamic and visual system for presenting spatial data about landscapes. A number of operations (building horizontals, determining areas, performing statistical calculations, presenting maps) are performed much more efficiently than with traditional «manual» processing. Hypsometric maps provided by GIS, allow you to perform various types of analysis in the study area in conjunction with other spatial data (remote sensing, forest maps, GIS data inventory). Such an analysis can be used to assess the landscape characteristics of the studied territory, identify and clarify natural boundaries, and plan economic activities based on the landscape approach. For example, the reclassification of the hypsometric map layer with different steps (5, 10, 20 m, etc.) allows you to specify the boundaries of landscape facies and tracts. A set of spatial data, including hypsometric maps, can be used to create and present landscape-morphological maps. Landscapemorphological maps are a long-term scientific basis for conducting multidirectional farming and nature management in the studied territory. They can serve as a basis for monitoring the state and use of forests and forest land. On the basis of landscapemorphological maps, it is possible to conduct a continuous assessment and inventory of natural resources: land, air, water, plant and animal populations.

Does the trail matters? - In search of the environmental impact of hiking trails on the hillslope runoff.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> In the late 20<sup>th</sup> century great advancement was made in the field of hiking trail studies. The main concerns for these trails are susceptibility to soil erosion and dynamic landform changes in their nearest area. The impacts of the trails for vegetation were also studied with trampling and soil exposure being the most destructive. Today, With the higher and higher resolution for digital terrain models being available and advanced simulation algorithms and computing, it is possible to perform advanced modeling of a hillslope runoff.</p><p><strong>The aim:</strong> The aim of these studies is to determine the impact of hiking trails on hillslope water runoff by comparison of the water discharge values during simulated precipitation events.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The comparison is made possible, with the use of digital terrain modeling to create hillslope with and without a hiking trail, in its pre-erosion state. Both models then are subject to Simulated Water Erosion (SiMWE) based on the Monte Carlo simulation method. The algorithm is implemented in an open-source GRASS GIS program in the form of r.sim.water and r.sim.sediment modules. Exemplary hillslopes also present different scenarios based on the trail to slope alignment angle (0° - 22°; 22,1° - 45°; 45,1° - 67° and 67,1° - 90°). </p><p>During the session a case study area of a suburban mountain range within Kielce city (Poland) will be introduced, together with the results of simulation values and their spatial distribution for the exemplary hillslopes. With it, the role of the hiking trail and its environmental impact on water runoff will be better understood and easier to predict.</p>

Caracteristici morfometrice ale reliefului bazinului râului Bucovăț

In the sense of digital terrain modeling, there is a set of techniques for obtaining a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). But, as expected, modeling the terrestrial surface, its representation in a virtual space, involves certain problems that are related to the surface specificity itself and our way of measuring it. Numerical altitude models, once performed, find their usefulness as input data for derivation of some topographical attributes of geomorphometric parameters, morphometric variables or general information about the land respectively.

Analysis of Climate Change in the Area of Vojvodina-Republic of Serbia and Possible Consequences

Climate change conditions a wide range of impacts such as the impact on weather, but also on ecosystems and biodiversity, agriculture and forestry, human health, hydrological regime and energy. In addition to global warming, local factors affecting climate change are being considered. Presentation and analysis of the situation was carried out using geoinformation technologies (radar recording, remote detection, digital terrain modeling, cartographic visualization and geostatistics). This paper describes methods and use of statistical indicators such as LST, NDVI and linear correlations from which it can be concluded that accelerated construction and global warming had an impact on climate change in period from 1987 to 2018 in the area of Vojvodina – Republic of Serbia. Also, using the global SRTM DEM, it is shown how the temperature behaves based on altitude change. Conclusions and possible consequences in nature and society were derived.