Rekayasa Dosis Nutrisi Melalui Drip Irrigation System terhadap Produksi Tomat Cherry (Solanum pimpinellifolium) Lokal Subang

Tomatoes are easily damaged horticultural products, so that further handlings are needed in food production in the industry today. In order to keep availability, there is an increase in tomato fruit volume as raw material. Among them with increasing types and varieties of tomatoes that need to be continuously developed to supply the industry's needs. The research aimed to increase local tomato cherry production in Subang through an engineering strategy of nutrient feeding with a drip irrigation system. Research conducted from April to December 2019 at Cigadung Subang, West Java. The research was conducted using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) one factor and the Duncan’s test at 7 nutritional dose treatment consists of P1 = dose 5 ml, P2 = dose 7 ml, P3 = dose 10 ml, P4 = dose 15 ml, P5 = dose 20 ml, P6 = dose 25 ml, P7 = Control with 5 repetition. The results concluded that two applications of nutritional doses at 7 and 10 ml could give different responses that increase the diameter and thickness of the fruits.

PL - 033 A translational model of muscle protein synthetic bioactivity in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo

Objective The aim of this research was the development and validation of a translational model for the evaluation of exercise and nutrient stimulated muscle protein synthesis (MPS). To achieve this overall aim, three primary objectives had to be realised: (i) Development of an in vitro skeletal muscle cell bioassay to measure muscle growth and MPS; (ii) Development of an ex vivo model to evaluate the humoral effect on MPS in response to nutrient feeding and exercise; (iii) Use of a stable isotope technique to evaluate MPS in response to nutrient feeding and exercise in vivo. Methods To develop a novel in vitro skeletal muscle cell bioassay to measure muscle growth and MPS, C2C12 myoblasts were proliferated and subsequently differentiated to myotubes over 8 days in DMEM (2% HS). Changes in cell behavior and adhesion properties were monitored by measuring impedance via interdigitated microelectrodes using the xCELLigence system. MPS was measured by puromycin incorporation using the SUnSET technique, intracellular signalling measured by western blot, and myotube thickness by microscopy. To demonstrate the capability to monitor nutrient regulation of muscle growth, media was conditioned with a known potent regulator of MPS (leucine) in a dose response experiment (0.20 - 2.0 mM). To establish the ability of the bioassay to measure the humoral effect of MPS in response to feeding and exercise, media was conditioned by ex vivo human serum from fasted, rested, fed (protein and isonitrogenous non-essential amino acid (NEAA) control) and post-exercise conditions. To evaluate MPS in response to nutrient feeding and exercise in vivo, acute MPS (5 h) was assessed by measuring stable isotope deuterium oxide (D2O) incorporation into m. vastus lateralis skeletal muscle following consumption of either a Whey Protein (WP) or an isonitrogenous NEAA control combined with resistance exercise in resistance trained males. Results In vitro experiments observed a dose-response effect with a 32 % increase in cell index and a 27 % increase in cell thickness after 2 h in the presence of 2.0 mM leucine when compared with control myotubes. Ex vivo serum following ingestion of NEAA had no effect on protein signalling or MPS whereas WP fed serum significantly increased mTOR, P70S6K and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation (p<0.01, p<0.05) compared to fasted serum. Furthermore, the effect of WP fed serum on protein signalling and MPS was significantly increased (p<0.01, p<0.05) compared to NEAA fed serum. Ex vivo human serum following resistance exercise was also increased MPS (29 %) and phosphorylation of mTOR (6 %), p70S6K (12 %) and 4EBP1 (7 %), compared with resting serum. These ex vivo/in vitro findings translated to the in vivo model as myofibrillar fractional synthetic rates (myoFSR) (Basal 0.068±0.002%h-1 vs. WP 0.084±0.006 %h-1, p=0.033) and absolute synthetic rates (ASR) (Basal 10.34±1.01 vs. WP 13.18±0.71 g.day-1, p=0.026) were increased from basal levels only when resistance exercise was combined with WP ingestion and not the NEAA control (NEAA MPS 0.072±0.004%h-1, NEAA ASR 10.23±0.80 g.day-1). Thus, ingestion of WP in combination with resistance training augments acute MPS responses in resistance trained young men. Conclusions We have developed a translational model of muscle protein synthetic bioactivity using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo methodologies. We have shown that we can impact MPS in vitro using ex vivo human serum to condition media, that MPS in vitro is differentially regulated by ex vivo serum containing bioactive WP compared to a non-bioactive NEAA control, and that this tranlates for resistance exercise combined with WP in humans when MyoFSR is measured using stable isotope technology. These experiments demonstrate that ex vivo/in vitro experiments translate to the in vivo model and these methods can be used to inform both exercise and nutrient human interventions.

EFFECTS OF NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION IN MULTI STAGE FEEDING OF THE GROWTH OF MICROALGAE Nannochloropsis sp.

Renewable energy plays an important role for a sustainable future and the use of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp., as a potential source of biofuel due to its high lipid content, makes a good option. The nutrient found in the growth medium of microalgae have been found to affect cell synthesis, lipid synthesis, as well as its fatty acid profile. This study was conducted to observe the effects of the N-P concentration utilizing multistage feeding on the performance of Nannochloropsis sp. Sodium bicarbonate, urea, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate were used as sources of C, N, and P for the microalgae. The nutrient feeding needed was calculated based on a molecular formula of microalgae(CO0.48H1.83N0.11P0.01) with a production target 1g.L-1 cell biomass. Element C is an iso-molar. The concentration of N- P varies: corresponding to the mol-fraction of the microalgae cell (as a control) and 10% excess. There were four levels of treatment: A (U0P0); B (U10P0); C (U0P10); and D (U10P10) with three replicants in the batch culture system. Nutrient feeding was conducted in three stages: I (40%); II (30%);and III (30%) and incubated in a neutral environment. Nannochloropsis sp. was able to grow well at a temperature of 24–35°C and an acidity level (pH) of 9.0–10.5. The culture (on the 21st day) produced DCW 0.93; 1.04; 0.86;1.12g.L-1, Chlorophyll-a 7.08; 7.62; 4.64; 6.85% DC, lipid 19.2; 15.5; 27.3; and 21.6% DC for treatments A; B;C; and D, respectively.The maximum lipid level resulted in an N deficiency and a P surplus (C). The lipids of the Nannochloropsis sp. composed of 66.0–81.1% saturated fatty acid which is suitable to be used as a biofuel.

Effect of Grain Size and Nutrient Feeding on the Treatment Potential of Biofilters for Treatment of De-Icing Chemicals

Biofilter application for treatment of stormwater containing de-icing chemicals commonly applied in airports, propylene glycol and potassium formate, was investigated. Lab-scale adsorption tests using filter media made of crushed clay (Filtralite) and granular activated carbon showed that adsorption was unsuitable for removal of propylene glycol and potassium formate. Column filtration experiment testing two different crushed clay size ranges was conducted. The results showed that DOC removal was dependent on a number of factors. This study investigated the impact of filter depth, nutrients addition, and filtration rate. DOC removal suggested that DOC degradation occurred on the top filter layer. It was shown that the most active separation occurred in the first ~20 cm of filter depth. This was confirmed by results from water quality analysis (i.e. DOC removal and ATP measurement) and calculations based on a filtration performance analysis (Iwasaki model) and filter hydraulic evaluation (Lindquist diagram). It was shown that for the highest C:N:P ratio tested (molar ratio of 24:7:1), 50-60% DOC removal was achieved. Addition of nutrients was found important and determining the biofilter performance.

Test Various Media Against Lettuce Plant Growth (Lactuca Sativa L.) Hydroponics.

This research was conducted in STIPER Muhammadiyah Tanah Grogot for 3 (two) months. This study aims to determine the effect of planting media usage and proper nutrition on the growth of lettuce plants with hydroponics system.The experimental design used was a two factor factorial and three replications arranged in a randomized block design (RAK). The first factor was using treatment of planting medium consisting of three levels, namely P1 = Using sawdust planting media, P2 = using the medium of husk charcoal planting, P3 = using the planting medium of straw. The second factor is using Nutrition Addition treatment consisting of two levels, namely Q1 = Using Good Plant Nutrition, Q2 = Using Hydro J Nutrition.The results showed that: Planting media (P) has a significant effect on stem diameter. In the treatment of Nutrition (Q) has significant effect on leaf number, stem diameter and root length, and very significant effect on plant weight. The interaction treatment between planting medium and nutrient feeding significantly affected the growth of plant height and number of leaves.

A plug-and-play system for enzyme production at commercially viable levels in fed-batch cultures of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)

Commercial exploitation of enzymes in biotransformation necessitates a robust method for enzyme production that yields high enzyme titer. Nitrilases are a family of hydrolases that can transform nitriles to enantiopure carboxylic acids, which are important pharmaceutical intermediates. Here, we report a fed-batch method that uses a defined medium and involves growth under carbon limiting conditions using DO-stat feeding approach combined with an optimized post-induction strategy, yielding high cell densities and maximum levels of active and soluble enzyme. This strategy affords strict control of nutrient feeding and growth rates, and ensures sustained protein synthesis over a longer period. The method was optimized for highest titer of nitrilase reported so far (247 kU/l) using recombinant E. coli expressing the Alcaligenes sp. ECU0401 nitrilase. The fed-batch protocol presented here can also be employed as template to produce a wide variety of enzymes with minimal modification, as demonstrated for alcohol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase.

INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN FODDER ADDITIVES ON DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF GOAT OF THE ZAANEN BREED

The productivity of ruminant animals largely depends on the provision of rations with a sufficient amount of high-grade protein, the quality of which is characterized by a general level of intake from the prednis and the composition of amino acids available for absorption in the intestine. The number of these amino acids is an objective criterion of protein nutrient feeding. The article presents the results of studying the effect of protein feed additives on milk productivity and the quality of lactating goat milk of Zaanen breed. The scientific and economic experience was carried out on three groups of goats of Zaanen breed of the first lactation, formed on the principle of para- analogues. Studies have established that the equivalent replacement in the diet of a sunflower meal with soybean and red oilcake significantly increases the average daily milk yield by 16.1% (P 0.01) and 11.7% (P 0.05). The qualitative indicators of goat milk of these experimental groups also had slightly higher values. So, the milk of goats, that received red oilcake, by the mass fraction of protein, exceeded the milk of goats that received sunflower oil cake by 0.08% (p0.05), soybean cake - by 0.11% (p0.01). Our research, aimed at a comprehensive study of the effectiveness of using sunflower, soybean and rye cake in rations of lactating goats, taking into account their effect on milk production of goats, the composition and technological properties of milk, morphological and biochemical indicators of blood, are topical, of scientific and practical importance.