Investigation of The Sufficiency of Antalya Parks

Urban green spaces are areas established to meet the recreational needs of urban people. Although green spaces vary from country to country and region in terms of plan and design features, they were basically created to allow people to meet with nature. Parks are the basic components of urban landscapes that provide environmental and social functional value. Urban parks, in particular, provide spaces for outdoor physical activities. In order to take advantage of the opportunities of activities in the parks, users must have convenient access to these resources. One of the most important aspects for researching the use and potential benefits of urban green spaces is the assessment of their geographic accessibility. The widespread use of smart city systems and the gradual expansion of their usage areas increase the importance of spatial analysis. Spatial analyses are used in today’s urban management in the processes of determining social needs, identifying current problems, and putting forward solutions. When spatial analyses are used together with GIS, the field of application develops even more, and it supports local governments in responding to the changing demands of the society for a better life. In the study, the adequacy and accessibility of 160 city parks in Konyaaltı District of Antalya Province were examined. In terms of the adequacy of the parks, the area value of 10 m2 per person determined with the Construction Plan numbered 3194 was taken as basis. In terms of accessibility, distance values of 200, 400, 800, 1,200 meters were examined. Neighborhood boundaries and population information were obtained from the relevant units, and Arc-GIS software was used in the analysis. It was determined that the parks in Konyaaltı district were insufficient in terms of adequacy and accessibility. Finally, suggestions were made in terms of increasing the adequacy of the parks and ensuring accessibility.

SUSTAINABLE, SMART AND RESPONSIBLE NATURE PARK TOURISM

The one of the largest nature parks in Latvia is Nature Park “Piejūra”. It is a very complicated area due to its valuable and sensitive coastal habitats. On the one hand, it is a territory with rich biodiversity, and on the other hand it is an area actively used by visitors and tourists due to its location close to the capital of Latvia. Therefore, implementation of sustainable nature protection, conservation and management activities is particularly important. However, as the area is widely visited, there is public resistance to the implementation of management activities. The aim of the research is to identify the level of awareness and attitude of Nature Park visitors in respect of the nature conservation, protection and management activities. To achieve the aim of the research, quantitative research methods have been used. The data allows us to conclude that the understanding of the necessary nature management and protection activities has become deeper in the society. The public understands the established restrictions and considers that there is no necessity to strengthen the restrictions, but only to promote their observance. The study confirms that the attitude towards and understanding of the nature conservation activities changes in the society if there is enough information provided and the necessity for the activities is explained.

FACTORS INFLUENCING TRAVEL BEHAVIOURAL INTENTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISTS TO SAUDI ARABIA

This research aims to identify the factors affecting the behaviour of international tourists based on online reviews. To further understand tourist perceptions and opinions from online posts reviews Netnography approach has been implemented. A few studies have used Netnography to investigate online reviews of hotels and restaurants, but there has been limited examinations of online reviews of tourist attractions. To date, no studies have been done on this concerning Saudi Arabia. The OutWit Hub software was used to extract TripAdvisor reviews and content automatically. The data collection focused on attractions (Things To Do) located in Jeddah and Riyadh, the most populated cities in Saudi Arabia with a wide range of attractions and activities, including sights and landmarks, nature parks, and museums. The following approaches were utilised for netnographic analysis: first form the studied culture or group; collect data; analysis and interpretation: report on study findings and comprehend the theoretical consequences. The most significant findings were that the data supported correlations between visitors’ behavioural intentions, travel motivations and experience quality. This research provides evidence that travel motivations and experience quality affect the development of tourist behavioural intentions. This research offers policymakers, destination planners and industry professionals a proper and thorough analysis of tourists’ behaviour and needs.

Diversity of undergrowth understorey in Sibolangit Nature Park, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia

The Sibolangit Nature Park area is one of the Nature Parks in North Sumatra which has various types of diverse plants ranging from understorey, epiphytes and various endemic tree species. The purpose of this study was to see the diversity of understorey species found in the Sibolangit Nature Park and its benefits. The results showed that there were 27 types of understorey plants from 18 families. Based on the family, the most commonly found were the Araceae family, namely 6 species (22.22%) and Zingiberaceae (11.11%). The understorey has the potential for medicinal plants, ornamental plants, poisonous plants, etc. The results showed that there were 15 species (55.5%) which were included in the category of ornamental plants, 7 species (25.92%) were included in medicinal plants, 1 species of poisonous plants (3.70%), 1 species of spice plants (3,70%), and 1 species (3.70%) protected plants and 2 species (7.40%) could not be explained scientifically. A protected and endangered plant species is Amorphophallus titanum

The current landscape fire management in Ukraine and strategy for its improvement

Recurrent wildfires in Ukraine exert severe impacts on the environment, human health and security as well as damage to private and public assets. From 2007 to 2020, the frequency of large wildfires has increased and reached a level that has not occurred previously. The period during April-October 2020 was the worst in modern Ukrainian history for the occurrence of catastrophic fires, e.g. in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (67 000 ha), Zhytomyr oblast (43 000 ha), Lugansk oblast (35 000 ha) and Kharkiv oblast (8 000 ha). In Ukraine there is the additional problem of open burning, mainly burning agriculture residues, which covers two million hectares (ha) annually. State forestry enterprises who are responsible for the management of 71% of the Ukrainian forests (7.6 million ha)and agricultural holdings are also responsible for the management of 41.3 million ha of croplands. The remaining forest users manage forest areas of 3.1 million ha within reserves and national nature parks. This article presents a brief overview of the problem of forest fires as well as of fires in other landscapes in Ukraine, and includes a critical reviews of the current wildfire management system and a description of the main features of the national wildfire management strategy. It also highlights the results of a survey of numerous stakeholders conducted on landscape fires in Ukraine. Based on the review of global and regional experiences, as well as existing fire risks in Ukraine, recommendations were developed for implementing an integrated landscape level national fire management approach.

A New Public Nature: Parks, Plants, and Periodicals In The Nineteenth Century

In 1798, William Curtis published the sixth and last volume of Flora Londinensis, a beautifully coloured catalogue of over 400 plants that grew in London and in its nearby fields. Less than 300 copies were sold, and while the book was considered scientifically important, it was a financial failure (Field 106). Firstly, Flora Londinensis was prohibitively expensive because of its coloured plates, and secondly, the many illustrations of wild grasses and common plants included in the book failed to interest an audience outside of a small group of medical doctors and aristocratic hobby-botanists. The project, however, was not a complete failure for Curtis. While publishing Flora Londinensis, Curtis launched a considerably more successful, similarly formatted periodical for a slightly broader audience called Botanical Magazine. Botanical Magazine featured coloured plates of newly discovered exotic plants that satisfied the tastes of the public. It was published in thin issues containing only three plates each, and at a price of one shilling per monthly issue, Botanical Magazine was affordable enough for more readers to justify paying for the magazine’s exciting, colourfully illustrated content.

A New Public Nature: Parks, Plants, and Periodicals In The Nineteenth Century

In 1798, William Curtis published the sixth and last volume of Flora Londinensis, a beautifully coloured catalogue of over 400 plants that grew in London and in its nearby fields. Less than 300 copies were sold, and while the book was considered scientifically important, it was a financial failure (Field 106). Firstly, Flora Londinensis was prohibitively expensive because of its coloured plates, and secondly, the many illustrations of wild grasses and common plants included in the book failed to interest an audience outside of a small group of medical doctors and aristocratic hobby-botanists. The project, however, was not a complete failure for Curtis. While publishing Flora Londinensis, Curtis launched a considerably more successful, similarly formatted periodical for a slightly broader audience called Botanical Magazine. Botanical Magazine featured coloured plates of newly discovered exotic plants that satisfied the tastes of the public. It was published in thin issues containing only three plates each, and at a price of one shilling per monthly issue, Botanical Magazine was affordable enough for more readers to justify paying for the magazine’s exciting, colourfully illustrated content.

Regulation of fish resources rational using on the territory of the NNP “BUG GARD”

Today on the territory of Ukraine there are 40 national nature parks which include the NNP “Bug Gard”. One of the main tasks of the NNP is to preserve the valuable natural objects and to develop the scientific recommendations for protecting the environment and using the natural resources efficiently. Modern poaching, with its mass, technical armament, impunity and constant rapid growth, poses a serious threat to the national security of Ukraine. Significant damage to fishing and fish farming on the territory of the NNP “Bug Gard” is caused by the actions of poachers. During the functioning of the NNP “Bug Gard” the State Protection Service constantly conducts inspections and patrols the territory of the park to identify and to stop violations of the environmental legislation. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the fish protection measures carrying out in the Bug National Nature Park by the State Protection Service has been assessed. Annually the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” conducts on average of 120 activities to identify environmental offenses, practices the explanatory talks, on average, 600 conversations per year, which are aimed at clarifying the environmental legislation in the field of fauna and flora protection, as well as it constantly informs the public through the media about the individual cases of poaching in order to further preventing the environmental offenses. Annually, an average of 1.000 leaflets with the fire safety rules on the territory of the NNP and with the environmental issues were produced and distributed among the population and the visitors of the park. It is established that, according to the analysis, the State Protection Service of the NNP “Bug Gard” carries out the effective measures in the field of fish resources conserving and rational using in the area of its responsibility, carries out a widespread waste water pollution control in the water bodies, creates the conditions for normal fish reproduction and keeps a track of environmental and fishing offenses, which not only preserves the flora and fauna, but also compensates the damage caused by the actions of poachers and other violators.

The scale effect of landscape variables on landscape experiences: A multi-scale spatial analysis of social media data in an urban nature park context

Context The roles of landscape variables with regard to the recreational services provided by nature parks have been widely studied. However, the potential scale effects of the relationships of landscape features and attributes to categorized nature experiences have not been adequately studied from an experimental perspective. Objectives This article demonstrates multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) as a new method to quantify the relationship between experiences and landscape variables and aims to answer the following questions: 1) Which dimensions of landscape experiences can be interpreted from geocoded social media data, and what landscape variables are associated with specific dimensions of experience? 2) At what spatial scale and relative magnitude can landscape variables mediate landscape experiences? Methods Social media data (Flickr photos) from Amager Nature Park were categorized into different dimensions of landscape experience. Estimated parameter surfaces resulting from the MGWR were generated to show the patterns of the relationship between the landscape variables and the categorized experiences. Results All considered landscape variables were identified as relating to certain landscape experiences (nature, animals, scenery, engagement, and culture). Scale effects were observed in all relationships. This highlights the realities of context- and place-specific relationships and the limited applicability of simple approaches that assume relationships to be spatially stationary. Conclusions The spatial effect of landscape variables on landscape experiences was clarified and demonstrated to be important for understanding the spatial patterns of landscape experiences. The demonstrated modelling method may be used to further the study of the value of natural landscapes to human wellbeing.