Driver’s Social Relationship Based Clustering and Transmission in Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)

Clustering is a technique for dividing a network into different group of nodes and managing the transmission of data among the interacting nodes, to improve the effectiveness and safety of information transfer. Clustering have been well studied and applied in traditional mobile networks. However, vehicle networks have short connection time, frequently changing topology, and other unique properties that conventional clustering cannot transfer well. The vehicle nodes in Vehicle Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are most directly affected by the surrounding vehicle nodes and exchanged information with them. However, this will cause network congestion or even the spread of malicious messages. The inclusion of vehicle’s (driver’s) social relationships in vehicle communication clustering will increase the degree of trust between vehicle nodes, making communication more purposeful and accurate. This study proposed a new clustering for vehicle networks that is based on drivers’ social relationship combined with the instantaneous position and speed of the vehicle node. Simulation results showed that this clustering method can improve the effectiveness of information transmission and increase the utilization of the application layer.

Multi-scale fusion and non-local attention mechanism based salient object detection

With the development of deep learning, researches in the field of computer vision are attracting more attention. As the pre-processing operation of visual tasks, a salient model may focus on pure architectures. The paper proposes a new multi-scale fusion network to enrich high-level redundant information with the enlarged receptive field. With the guidance of attention mechanism, the framework can capture more effective correlation spatial and channels information. Building a short-connection between high-level and each level features to transmit the contextual features. The model can be used in a variety of complex scenes for end-to- end image detection, with simple structure and strong versatility. Experimental results obtained on multiple common datasets have shown that the proposed model achieved better performance both in the visual effect and the accuracy for small object and multi-target detection.

Advanced Security Attacks on Vehicular AD HOC Network (VANET)

VANET is becoming an emergent technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Their main purpose is to provide road safety and improve driving experience for both drivers and passengers. Other unique features of VANET include dynamic topology, short connection period, high mobility of nodes, etc However, security and privacy becomes major issues when communicating in such open wireless environment. In this paper, along with VANET characteristics, we presented security requirements and challenges that need to be kept in mind while designing a security protocol. We defined all existing security attacks and privacy issues in VANET. We categorized these security attacks into different classes based on their properties and provided the comprehensive analysis on them.

The non-swapped monomeric structure of the arginine-binding protein from Thermotoga maritima

Domain swapping is a widespread oligomerization process that is observed in a large variety of protein families. In the large superfamily of substrate-binding proteins, non-monomeric members have rarely been reported. The arginine-binding protein from Thermotoga maritima (TmArgBP), a protein endowed with a number of unusual properties, presents a domain-swapped structure in its dimeric native state in which the two polypeptide chains mutually exchange their C-terminal helices. It has previously been shown that mutations in the region connecting the last two helices of the TmArgBP structure lead to the formation of a variety of oligomeric states (monomers, dimers, trimers and larger aggregates). With the aim of defining the structural determinants of domain swapping in TmArgBP, the monomeric form of the P235GK mutant has been structurally characterized. Analysis of this arginine-bound structure indicates that it consists of a closed monomer with its C-terminal helix folded against the rest of the protein, as typically observed for substrate-binding proteins. Notably, the two terminal helices are joined by a single nonhelical residue (Gly235). Collectively, the present findings indicate that extending the hinge region and conferring it with more conformational freedom makes the formation of a closed TmArgBP monomer possible. On the other hand, the short connection between the helices may explain the tendency of the protein to also adopt alternative oligomeric states (dimers, trimers and larger aggregates). The data reported here highlight the importance of evolutionary control to avoid the uncontrolled formation of heterogeneous and potentially harmful oligomeric species through domain swapping.

Fault Location in Distribution Network Based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)

Nowadays, phasor measurement units have many applications in the power network. Fault location using the network’s impedance matrix and phasor measurement units (PMU) is a subject that has been recently brought to the location light. In this research, we review the effect of the increased number of PMUs on the precision of the fault location. The method presented in this study uses the impedance transferring between these units and the fault location based on the fault distance. In the suggested method, the uncertainty on the network’s parameters has been considered and using the least-squares of faults, we can obtain the most optimal response. The advantage of this method is that it is not affected by the fault type and resistance of the short connection. In the end, the suggested method is implemented on the 14 bus distribution network and its performance has been evaluated.

Space Charge Characteristics and Electrical Properties of Micro-Nano ZnO/LDPE Composites

The synergistic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) Micro/Nano particles simultaneously filled in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) on the space charge characteristics and electrical properties has been investigated by melt blending micro-scale and nanoscale ZnO additive particles into LDPE matrix to prepare Micro-ZnO, Nano-ZnO, and Micro-Nano ZnO/LDPE composites. The morphological structures of composite samples are characterized by Polarizing Light Microscopy (PLM), and the space charge accumulations and insulation performances are correlated in the analyses with Pulse Electronic Acoustic (PEA), DC breakdown field strength, and conductance tests. It is indicated that both the micro and nano ZnO fillers can introduce plenty of heterogeneous nuclei into the LDPE matrix so as to impede the LDPE spherocrystal growth and regularize the crystalline grains in neatly-arranged morphology. By filling microparticles together with nanoparticles of ZnO additives, the space charge accumulations are significantly inhibited under an applied DC voltage and the minimum initial residual charges with the slowest charge decaying rate have been achieved after an electrode short connection. While the micro-nano ZnO/LDPE composites acquire the lowest conductivity, the breakdown strengths of the ZnO/LDPE nanocomposite and micro-nano composite are, respectively, 13.7% and 3.4% higher than that of the neat LDPE material.

Fast Broadcast Technique for Real Time Applications with WAVE 1609.4 Protocol

As the technology improves, the attention on vehicular communication is increasing with a wide range of applications accessible to the passengers and also the increasing number of cars on the roads leads to delay in accessing the various applications. The safety and entertainment applications need fast transmissions of messages and due to the specific characteristics of vehicular mobility (such as short connection times of oncoming vehicles, high relative velocities and possibly unstable connections) the inter-vehicular communication is affected. Considering this, we propose a system with faster broadcast technique and with the use of IEEE WAVE 1609.4 protocol and DSRC with an aim to reduce number of hops, transmission time. The simulation has been carried out in NS 2.34.