On Numerical 2D P Colonies Modelling the Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

The 2D P colonies is a version of the P colonies with a two-dimensional environment designed for observing the behavior of the community of very simple agents living in the shared environment. Each agent is equipped with a set of programs consisting of a small number of simple rules. These programs allow the agent to act and move in the environment. The 2D P colonies have been shown to be suitable for the simulations of various (not only) multi-agent systems, and natural phenomena, like flash floods. The Grey wolf algorithm is the optimization-based algorithm inspired by social dynamics found in packs of grey wolves and by their ability to create hierarchies, in which every member has a clearly defined role, dynamically. In our previous papers, we extended the 2D P colony by the universal communication device, the blackboard. The blackboard allows for the agents to share various information, e.g., their position or the information about their surroundings. In this paper, we follow our previous research on the numerical 2D P colony with the blackboard. We present the computer simulator of the numerical 2D P colony with the blackboard and the results of the computer simulation, and we compare these results with the original algorithm.

Metallophores associated with Trichodesmium erythraeum colonies from the Gulf of Aqaba

Colonies of the marine diazotroph Trichodesmium host a complex microbial population. We show that colony consortia produce metallophores that likely influence the bioavailability of the trace nutrient iron within the colony microenvironment.