CONSOLIDATION AND RESTORATION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE: THE FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATER IN ROME

The recovery and retrofitting techniques adopted for historical structures and archaeological sites face an apparent dichotomy between conservation of constructions and the safety of users. Literatures show several examples where the current day structural safety of historical constructions, gets defined by the nature of past interventions, the compatibility of materials and elements used in retrofitting. The adopted interventions were, in their time, considered innovative, but over the years their compatibility and reversibility leave the historic constructions structurally vulnerable. For these reasons, a careful understanding of the structural systems is fundamental for the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions. Especially for monuments and Archaeological sites the objective to be achieved has to be clear, avoiding destructive investigation tests. In this work the instabilities caused by a consolidation intervention on some travertine columns in a sector of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as “Colosseum” in Rome, are critically analysed. The current consolidation operations are compared to the previous one. The restoration activity involves in-depth diagnosis process: the historical analysis of the failures and restorations of that area of the Colosseum, a survey of the crack pattern and an indirect investigation on the travertine of the columns. Subsequently the various data coming from the knowledge phase are elaborated, in order to have a correct interpretation of the causes triggering the failure and guide the choice of the most correct retrofitting techniques.

Tightly Compacted Perovskite Laminates on Flexible Substrates via Hot-Pressing

Pressure and temperature are powerful tools applied to perovskites to achieve recrystallization. Lamination, based on recrystallization of perovskites, avoids the limitations and improves the compatibility of materials and solvents in perovskite device architectures. In this work, we demonstrate tightly compacted perovskite laminates on flexible substrates via hot-pressing and investigate the effect of hot-pressing conditions on the lamination qualities and optical properties of perovskite laminates. The optimized laminates achieved at a temperature of 90 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa could sustain a horizontal pulling pressure of 636 kPa and a vertical pulling pressure of 71 kPa. Perovskite laminates exhibit increased crystallinity and a crystallization orientation preference to the (100) direction. The optical properties of laminated perovskites are almost identical to those of pristine perovskites, and the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) survives the negative impact of thermal degradation. This work demonstrates a promising approach to physically laminating perovskite films, which may accelerate the development of roll-to-roll printed perovskite devices and perovskite tandem architectures in the future.

A Content Analysis of "Joyful" English Textbook for Primary Grade II

It is widely known that textbook holds an important role as one of learning sources in education. Textbooks used in schools must be compatible with 2013 curriculum, the newest curriculum applied in Indonesia. But it is found that some teachers complained how the content of textbooks doesn’t fit the objectives specified in 2013 curriculum. Therefore, research regarding analysis of textbook content feasibility is crucial to be conducted to decide whether a particular textbook feasible to be used for academic purposes. In this research, the researchers chose “Joyful” English textbook for Primary Grade II as the research object. The analysis was based on BSNP textbook content feasibility rubric which includes the compatibility of materials with KI and KD, the accuracy of materials and supporting materials. The aim of this research is to know how “Joyful” English textbook for Primary Grade II fulfill the textbook content feasibility specified in 2013 curriculum. Qualitative approach was applied in this research. The method used was content analysis method. In collecting the data, the technique used by the researchers was documentation. The data was analyzed using document checklist and percentage formula. The results showed that “Joyful” English textbook for Primary Grade II fulfills the textbook content feasibility by 79,17% so it was concluded that “Joyful” English textbook for Primary Grade II is feasible to be used at schools. However, because it isn’t 100% feasible, the researchers encouraged English teachers who want to use “Joyful” English textbook for Primary Grade II to cover the weaknesses by finding another learning source relevant to the learning objectives specified in 2013 curriculum.

The Ways to Develop Steel Reinforcing and Concrete Cohesion Testings

The article oversees the topicality of an appropriate strength assessment of bonding of steel reinforcing rod with concrete. It is shown that in the technology of reinforcing concrete framing, metal reinforcing has seen a new alternative in the form of fiberglass, basalt plastic reinforced polymer and carbon fiber. Efficiency of application of reinforcing construction made of composite materials includes not only increased corrosion resistance, but also better compatibility of materials in strength and deformation properties. The article suggests experimental evaluation of the adhesion of the steel reinforcing with concrete to account for its real nature.

Methods of Material Testing in High-Pressure Hydrogen Environment and Evaluation of Hydrogen Compatibility of Metallic Materials: Current Status in Japan

In Japan, with regards to the widespread commercialization of 70 MPa-class hydrogen refueling stations and fuel cell vehicles, two national projects have been promoted on both the infrastructure and the automobile sides. These projects have been promoted to establish the criteria for determining hydrogen compatibility of materials and to expand the usable materials for high-pressure hydrogen environment. For these projects, establishing test methods to evaluate the hydrogen compatibility of materials is one of the most important tasks. This paper describes the status of common standardization of testing methods. Two projects share a common database for the testing results, which is currently put to practical use.