POTENTIAL OF JAMBLANG (Syzygium cumini L.) LEAF EXTRACT ON BODY WEIGHT OF WISTAR RATS METABOLIC SYNDROME MODEL

Jamblang (Syzygium cumini L.) leaves contain several phytochemical compounds. These phytochemicals are thought to have roles as antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant agents. This study aims to prove that there is an effect of giving ethanolic extract of jamblang leaves on body weight (BW) of metabolic syndrome (MS) Wistar rats induced by high-fat high-fructrose diet (HFFD) and injection of Streptozotocin (STZ)-Nicotinamide (Na), to determine different doses effect on the weight of Wistar rats. Laboratory experimental research with pre-post test control group. Samples were 8 weeks male Wistar (Rattus noverigicus) weighing 150-200 grams chosen by purposive random sampling method. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 6 rats. Normal group, metabolic syndrome group, 3 treatment groups MS were given jamblang leaf extract 100 mg/KgBW, 150mg/KgBW, 200mg/KgBW for 28 days. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and repeated ANOVA test. The study showed an ethanolic extract of Jamblang leaves can reduce weight loss in Wistar rats with a metabolic syndrome model, and that the best dose used in this experiment is 150 mg/kgBW per day in Wistar rats with a metabolic syndrome model.

Melatonin Ameliorates Autophagy Impairment in a Metabolic Syndrome Model

Metabolic syndrome is a global health problem in adults and its prevalence among children and adolescents is rising. It is strongly linked to a lifestyle with high-caloric food, which causes obesity and lipid metabolism anomalies. Molecular damage due to excessive oxidative stress plays a major role during the development of metabolic syndrome complications. Among the different hormones, melatonin presents strong antioxidant properties, and it is used to treat metabolic diseases. However, there is not a consensus about its use as a metabolic syndrome treatment. The aim of this study was to identify melatonin effects in a metabolic syndrome model. Golden hamsters were fed with 60% fructose-enriched food to induce metabolic syndrome and were compared to hamsters fed with regular chow diet. Both groups were also treated with melatonin. Fructose-fed hamsters showed altered blood lipid levels (increased cholesterol and LDL) and phenotypes restored with the melatonin treatment. The Harderian gland (HG), which is an ideal model to study autophagy modulation through oxidative stress, was the organ that was most affected by a fructose diet. Redox balance was altered in fructose-fed HG, inducing autophagic activation. However, since LC3-II was not increased, the impairment must be in the last steps of autophagy. Lipophagy HG markers were also disturbed, contributing to the dyslipidemia. Melatonin treatment improved possible oxidative homeostasis through autophagic induction. All these results point to melatonin as a possible treatment of the metabolic syndrome.

Alterations in Serum Myostatin Levels via Swimming Exercise in High Fructose Mediated Metabolic Syndrome Model

Aims: Metabolic syndrome is a table of abdominal diseases characterized by insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, and it is a serious risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to understand how metabolic syndrome causes a change in myostatin levels, and to understand if swimming exercise have protective and therapeutic effects in fructose mediated metabolic syndrome model by regulating serum myostatin level. Methodology: A total of 21 Sprague Dawley male rats were used in the study. Metabolic syndrome was induced by adding 30% fructose into drinking water for 5 weeks The rats (6-8 weeks old, weighing 200-250 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups as 7 rats in each cage. Swimming exercises were applied three days a week for six weeks. On exercise days, rats were exercised for 20 minutes in a day. Blood was collected from all animals in aprotinin tubes to be used in the necessary analysis with decapitation. Serum samples obtained after centrifugation were kept at -80 ℃ until the assay were performed. In serum samples, myostatin was measured by ELISA method. Results: There was a statistically significant difference resulting from G2, which had the highest value in glucose and triglyceride levels between groups. G2 had the lowest HDL levels. Myostatin levels were significantly higher in G2 compared to other groups. Conclusion: Moderate swimming exercises are protective and therapeutic in preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In line with these results, it can be said that swimming exercise is a therapeutic practice that regulates impaired fasting serum glucose, increased TG levels and decreased HDL levels and downregulates serum myostatin levels.

Disrupted spermatogenesis in a metabolic syndrome model: the role of vitamin A metabolism in the gut–testis axis

ObjectiveEffects of the diet-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis reach far beyond the gut. We aim to uncover the direct evidence involving the gut–testis axis in the aetiology of impaired spermatogenesis.DesignAn excessive-energy diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) sheep model was established. The testicular samples, host metabolomes and gut microbiome were analysed. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) confirmed the linkage between gut microbiota and spermatogenesis.ResultsWe demonstrated that the number of arrested spermatogonia was markedly elevated by using 10× single-cell RNA-seq in the MetS model. Furthermore, through using metabolomics profiling and 16S rDNA-seq, we discovered that the absorption of vitamin A in the gut was abolished due to a notable reduction of bile acid levels, which was significantly associated with reduced abundance of Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group. Notably, the abnormal metabolic effects of vitamin A were transferable to the testicular cells through the circulating blood, which contributed to abnormal spermatogenesis, as confirmed by FMT.ConclusionThese findings define a starting point for linking the testicular function and regulation of gut microbiota via host metabolomes and will be of potential value for the treatment of male infertility in MetS.