Application of microscopy methods for evaluation of feed digestibility

The results of applying microscopic methods of analysis of pig feces to assess the digestibility of feed and diagnose various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have been presented in the article. The microscopic method allows you to identify detritus, undigested fi ber, raw fat, fragments of animal feed ingredients, starch in the feces, gives an idea of the presence of foreign impurities (due to perverted appetite, contamination of feed), helminths, their eggs and other intestinal parasites. A number of preparations have been prepared to identify feed nutrients and feed components of the diet, and a number of coloring reagents were also used: Lugol’s solution for recognizing starch and its cleavage products (amylodextrin and erythrodextrin), Saathof’s reagent for detecting fat, and Hecht’s reagent for diff erentiating fat elements. The researches have been carried out under various magnifi cations of the microscope. Diff erent levels of detritus and undigested elements of feed in animals under the same conditions of rearing and feeding can identify individual features of digestion. The microscopic method of analysis does not require expensive equipment, reagents, and allows you to get the results of assessing the digestibility much faster than the methods of classical “wet” chemistry. This research method can be used by nutritionists to correct diets when using exogenous feed enzymes: phytase, xylanase, gluconase, amylase, mannanase, lipase, protease, etc., and provide results for discussion about the presence or absence of matrix eff ects from their use. The results of feces microscopy can give then idea of the quality of feed ingredients used: the content of non-starchy polysaccharides and the level of grain viscosity, the quality of animal ingredients (meat-bone, feather, fi sh meal), the level of indigestible fi ber in sunfl ower and soybean meals.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF COAGULATION OF PARTICLES IN A MAGNETIC SEDIMENTATION

In agriculture, a large number of different lubricating and cooling liquids are used in the operation, maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery. In the process of use, technical fluids become contaminated with foreign impurities and require periodic cleaning. Magnetic sedimentation tanks are well suited for this. The studies were carried out in order to determine the parameters (the magnitude and gradient of the magnetic field strength, the height of the apparatus, the concentration of particles), at which coagulation of particles is observed in a non-uniform magnetic settler. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory setup for studying coagulation in the working area of a magnetic sump. For a given magnetic system, the geometric dimensions of the apparatus were determined in such a way that the magnetic field acts in the entire working volume of the sump and effectively traps foreign metal impurities. The value of the magnetic induction of the field B is proportional to the square of the distance from the investigated point to the pole of the electromagnet Н0. At a distance of 300 mm and further, the magnetic force has almost no effect on the particle, so the height of the sump should be less. The lowest magnetic induction is observed in the middle of the coil. A decrease in the current in the winding entails a reduction in the length of the floccule; magnetic coagulation takes place when the concentration of particles in the coolant is more than 0.3 g/l, with a lower content, it is not observed due to significant distances between the particles; the effect of coagulation is noted in the entire area of action of the magnetic field, while the length of the floccules decreases with a decrease in concentration. The distance at which the effect of coagulation between particles is observed is determined by a complex function that depends on the current in the winding, the field strength, their distance from the pole of the electromagnet, and also on the size of the particles.

ABOUT FEATURES OF SETTING AND QUALITY OF MEALS OF BOARD FEED IN THE CONDITIONS OF CATERING «KOLTSOVO»

Onboard food is one of the components of normal flight tolerance. At enterprises for the production of on-board meals, ready meals and culinary products are produced, and their sale and consumption are organized. The purpose of the research was to study the features of manning and the quality of meals onboard food in the conditions of «Catering «Koltsovo» (the city of Yekaterinburg). As an object of research, a meat snack from the meals of the economy class food was used. In the course of physical and chemical tests, it has been established that the quality of raw materials (cheese of Dutch, boiled-smoked sausage and corn canned) used to make snacks, the content of table salt, moisture, foreign impurities, toxic metals (cadmium, lead) Regulated requirements. At the enterprise under study every technological stage is taken: storage, preparation, bundling of onboard food. On-board meals are prepared using high-tech equipment of Russian, Italian and German companies with observance of the temperature regime. Examination of the on-board dish revealed that the meat snack was placed in a disposable plate and packed in a polymer film with sealed ends from both sides. The label is marked on the package, the label contains the date of manufacture of the snack, the flight number of the aircraft and the shift. Organoleptic parameters of meat snacks, as well as sodium chloride content, average dish mass meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents. The onboard food prepared in conditions «Catering «Koltsovo», distinguish excellent taste qualities and attractive appearance.

Mercury-Telluride Nanocrystalline Thin Films: A Unique Photoluminescence in the Visible Regime

Stoichiometric mercury-telluride (HgTe) nanocrystals, free from any foreign impurities, have been prepared by an electrochemical technique. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction studies confirm that the size of HgTe nanocrystals with cubic phase range from 4 – 7 nm and are preferentially oriented. Optical absorption studies indicate that the band gap of HgTe nanocrystals is 2.14 eV. Room temperature photoluminescence measurements show band edge and trap dominated luminescence in the visible regime. Micro-Raman scattering analysis of the HgTe nanocrystals sample reveals the 1LO Raman vibrational mode is at 142.5 cm-1suggesting a shift of 6 cm-1 from it’s bulk value and confirms the crystalline size to be small.

EPR of VO2+, Cu2+ and Mn2+ Ions Doped in LiHSO4 Single Crystals

The EPR spectra of VO 2+, Cu 2+ and Mn 2+ ions doped in LiHSO 4 single crystals are reported. The foreign impurities appear to displace Li + ions, which are situated in voids formed by the hexagonal closest packing of bigger sulphate ions in the crystal structure. VO 2+ and Mn 2+ show characteristic hyperfine structure but no hyperfine splitting was observed in the spectra of Cu 2+ ions. It appears that VO 2+ and Mn 2+ are situated in one kind of void situated in an ordered way. The Cu 2+ ions may be occupying both kinds of voids, distributed in an irregular fashion. The molecular orbital binding coefficients β2 and α2 are calculated in the case of VO 2+.

Isoprene and Rubber. Part 33. End Groups in Rubber

In a recent work, Pummerer, Ebermeyer, and Gerlach attempted to identify end members in the rubber molecule by ozone decomposition, and in this way to determine the molecular weight of rubber by chemical means. In this connection they say: The basis for the validity of the conclusions derived from the cleavage fragments on the average length of the rubber chain is that this hydrocarbon contains no structurally foreign impurities, but is built up of homogeneous molecules, though of perhaps different lengths. Pummerer abandons his earlier view, according to which rubber is composed of a uniform base molecule, in favor of concepts held by me for years on the constitution of rubber and other high polymeric substances. As was first proved for synthetic products and as shown for balata and rubber, these substances consist of a mixture of similarly constituted molecules of various lengths and therefore of a mixture of homologous polymers. Pummerer has now adopted this concept, but on the other hand he does not agree on the question of the molecular weight.

Clinical standardization of tuberculin drugs

The biological activity of tbc processes is best revealed by using intra-skin tests. Model and Sinelnikova (Vopr. Tub., 1928, No. 7-8), on the basis of their observations, come to the conclusion that ATK Nshst'a is the most suitable for this purpose. Comparing ATK preparations produced by the Central Bacteriological Institute (Moscow) and the 1st Ukrainian San. Bact. Institute (Kharkov), the authors consider them close to the drug Hchst'a. Albumosefrei Hchst is close to ATK Hchst'a and has some advantages over the latter. It does not contain foreign impurities (albumosis and peptones) that distort the biological effect of tuberculin, which is why the authors recommend the distribution of this drug for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Denys, Rosenbach'a and Kresling'a preparations are reduced in comparison with Hchst'a ATK. while Tuberculol, i.e. the aqueous extract of VC, is very close to ATK.