Analysis review on feature-based and word-rule based techniques in text steganography

This paper presents several techniques used in text steganography in term of feature-based and word-rule based. Additionally, it analyses the performance and the metric evaluation of the techniques used in text steganography. This paper aims to identify the main techniques of text steganography, which are feature-based, and word-rule based, to recognize the various techniques used with them. As a result, the primary technique used in the text steganography was feature-based technique due to its simplicity and secured. Meanwhile, the common parameter metrics utilized in text steganography were security, capacity, robustness, and embedding time. Future efforts are suggested to focus on the methods used in text steganography.

Evaluation Review on Effectiveness and Security Performances of Text Steganography Technique

Steganography is one of the categories in information hiding that is implemented to conceal the hidden message to ensure it cannot be recognized by human vision. This paper focuses on steganography implementation in text domain namely text steganography. Text steganography consists of two groups, which are word-rule based and feature-based techniques. This paper analysed these two categories of text steganography based on effectiveness and security evaluation because the effectiveness is critically important in order to determine that technique has the appropriate quality. Meanwhile, the security is important due to the intensity performance in securing the hidden message. The main goal of this paper is to review the evaluation of text steganography in terms of effectiveness and security that have been developed by previous research efforts. It is anticipated that this paper will identify the performance of text steganography based on effectiveness and security measurement.

A Point of Tense-Sequence

One of the services which Mr. S. A. Handford has rendered to classical teaching in this country is his adoption of the word ‘habit’, rather than ‘rule’, as applied to the sequence of tenses in Latin. 1 For to most people, and especially to the learner, the word ‘rule’ has the finality of something which must be obeyed. But ‘rules’ of grammar and rules of conduct are very different things. Grammar is the systematic analysis of phenomena observed in a language, and a grammarian's ‘rules’ are simply the formulation of habitual modes of expression which he has observed in the language which he is studying. If his observation has been faulty or incomplete, the ‘rule’ which he formulates may be inadequate or false. And so a ‘rule’ which appears to run counter to common sense must provoke suspicion.