Post-ISIS Era and the State Dissolution in the Middle East: Iraq as a Case

Since its establishment, the modern Iraqi state has witnessed instabilities, insurgencies, continuous cyclic violent conflicts among its heterogenic components. The emergence of IS group in Iraq was the latest and at the same time one of the darkest episodes in the series of modern Iraq's turbulent history. This bloody and horrible violent wave that embodied in the form of such terrorist organization, which committed all kinds of brutality against humanity, forced ordinary Iraqi people from all its heterogenic populations, together with experts to question the possibility of peaceful coexistence, stability, and continuance in living together within the border of an integrated Iraq. Unlike most experts that tend to deal with each of Iraq's violent waves separately and prescribe particular prescriptions for each of them, this paper argues that those continuous, persistent, and intractable conflicts were just symptoms, and the cause of modern Iraq's problems had proceeded from misperception and miscalculations of both exogenous state builders (Great Britain and the USA) during their efforts for state-building in Iraq in the 1920s and 2003 respectively. According to this paper, in the case of Iraq's state-building, non-ethnic solutions (assimilation, and integration), and even ideal ethnic solutions like federation have been experienced without any tangible progress regarding durable and long-standing stability in Iraq. By keeping the fact that primordial ethno-sectarian affiliations are beyond transformation in mind, the study endorses the 'soft partition plan' presented as the latest proposal for a new state-building process in Iraq which supported by some scholars, academics, and essential international political figures that have their fingerprint on the global level.

REKOMENDASI ACCESS POINT NETWORK PADA FAKULTAS DI LINGKUNGAN UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA YOGYAKARTA

The wireless network indoors is strongly influenced by the presence of interference. To overcome such interference and to improve the performance of wireless networks, then the optimization is done. There are several kinds of propagation that can interfere with the performance of the wireless network, which includes the number of transmitters (access point), free space loss, Received Signal Stength (RSSI), coverage that can be served, measuring attenuation at the barrier (concrete wall, soft partition, door, and floor).This research is an analysis research where the purpose of this research is to determine the position of good access point at Faculty of Shari'ah and Law Building using bayesian probability method. The first stage of this research is to determine the distance of signal reception to know the strength of the weak signal with manual random sampling so that the data obtained vary. The second stage is to determine the position of the access point with a choice of several points in order to be able to compare the best position based on the floor plan of the Faculty of Shari'ah and Law. The last stage is to calculate probability with Bayesian probability method.Result of this research is the position of the best access point on the 3rd floor that is at position B with probability value 13 while on floor 4 the best access point position at position A with value 10, position D with value 13 and position E with value 13. The most influential propagation in the Faculty of Shari'ah and Law Building is a concrete wall with a large 60% reducing the mass of radiated signals.

Syria civil war will lead to 'soft' partition

Significance As the United States, Russia and other international powers attempt to broker a resolution to Syria's war, federalism or partition have been mooted repeatedly as a solution to the intractable conflict. Yet a critical mass of Syrian actors reject any sort of political decentralisation, and are instead committed to fighting for total victory over all of Syria. Impacts The de facto partition process under way is likely to see further sectarian and ethnic cleansing. Regime areas in the west will be the most viable economically, while Kurdish and Islamic State group areas in the east will be poorer. The new sub-state areas will be highly vulnerable to external influence and regional geopolitics. As a result, the risk of Syria sparking a wider regional crisis will remain high.

Russia will seek global rewards for Syria withdrawal

Significance Putin announced on March 14 that the air campaign has achieved most of its objectives and paved the way for a peace deal. His officials have made it clear that some aircraft will stay in Syria and air strikes will continue. The partial withdrawal has left opposition forces attending UN-brokered talks suspicious, although it is unlikely directly to affect their decision to engage or walk out. Impacts The West will be more prepared to engage with Moscow because of its military and diplomatic power, but no thaw is imminent. NATO will reassess its already evolving strategies in light of Russian military successes. The progress of peace talks will depend on the Syrian government's willingness to compromise on replacing Assad. Syria is heading for 'soft partition' into an Assad rump state in the west, with the rest divided between Kurds and jihadists. Ending the conflict with negligible casualties will play well with Russian voters in the September parliamentary polls.